i^3 


-Ljr 


lORSi 


[NTRODUCING 


EDUCATLN 


BREAKING  UP  VIC 


The  Vicious  and  Untrained  Steed  as  he  appears  when  running  away  wi 


>>»<« 


•^^   ^^  0.  S.  PRATT. 


„  i 


'5'^=^ 


I 


c_y-  AE.lFalLer.Phila. 


'^^^  ^^^ 


m 


INTRODUCING 

A  NEW  AND  PRACTICAL  SYSTEM 

OP 

EDITOR  Ti:N-a-   HCOI^SES 

AND 

BreaMmg  up  Vidons  Halbifej 


O.  S.  PRATT. 

iSorttamtng  martg  ualttable  recipes  as  well  as  au  ex- 
planation: to  my  class  and  scholars  of  the  tbeorij 
theij  learn  of  me,  for  future  reference. 

ALSO, 

Remarks  on  Shoeing 

AND  THE 

RULES  OF  THE  UNION  COURSE,  L.  I. 

SECOND  EDITION. 

PHILADELPHIA : 
Ckais,  Finlvt  b  RowLSY,  Pbintsbs,  S.  E.  cob,  Tenih  St  Chkstkut  Sn. 


Entered  according  to  Act  of  Congress,  in  the  year  1870,  by 

O.  S.  PRATT, 

In  the  Clerk's  Office  of   the  District  Court  of  the  United  States  fol 
the  Eastern  District  of  Pennsylvania, 


HOW  PROF.  PRATT  WAS  WHIPPED 

BY  THE 

BALTIMOREANS. 


The  amphitheatre  of  Prof.  Pratt,  the  Horse 
Educator,  at  the  corner  of  Green  and  Pratt 
Streets,  was  crowded  on  Thursday  night  by 
an  appreciative  audience,  to  witness  the  ed- 
ucation of  a  number  of  horses.  ITear  the 
close  of  the  free  exhibition,  an  interruption 
occurred  by  Mr.  Murdoch  introducing  F.  P. 
Stevens,  Esq.,  a  member  of  the  Baltimore 
Bar,  who  made  the  following  eloquent  and 
pithy  speech,  in  presenting  an  elaborate  whip 
to  Prof.  Pratt  : 

*'  On  behalf  of  the  members  of  your  class  in 
this  citj",  numbering  over  three  thousand,  I 
have  been  requested  to  present  to  you  on 


parting  with  us,  some  memento  of  our  high, 
regard  for  you  personally,  and  of  our  estima- 
tion of  3^oar  most  admirable  system  of  Horse 
Education.  That  the  instruction  you  have 
imparted  to  us  has  been  valuable  and  useful, 
no  one  of  us  who  own  horses  would  hesitate 
to  testify,  not  only  in  3^our  directions  as  to 
the  management,  education,  and  treatment  of 
the  horse,  but  in  developing  to  us  in  the 
numerous  lectures,  the  disposition  and  nature 
of  the*  noble  animal.  That  your  course  of 
instruction  has  been  popular  among  us,  the 
numerical  strength  of  the  class  convinces  you, 
and  I  take  great  pleasure  in  presenting  you 
this  token  of  friendship  and  good  will,  and 
hope  that  you  may  ever  recur  with  pleasure 
to  3^our  visit  to  the  Monumental  City,  and  as 
soon  as  your  engagements  will  permit,  we 
may  have  the  pleasure  of  seeing  you  again." 
The  Professor  not  having  j^et  become 
"  educated ''  to  whippings  of  the  like  kind, 
was  taken  by  surprise,  briefly  returned  his 
sincere  thanks  for  the  token,  and  made  other 
remarks  suitable  to  the  occasion.  The  whip 
was  made  at  the  large  establishment  of 
Messrs.  Millikin  &  Sons,  and  is  one  of  the 


finest  ever  produced  by  them,  the  handle 
being  of  elaborately  carved  ivory,  finely 
chased  gold  mounting,  with  one  of  the  hand- 
somest of  black  whalebone  stocks,  knotted, 
and  the  knots  pointed  by  alternate  clusters  of 
ivory  and  pearl  sets,  presenting  a  beautiful 
appearance.  The  Professor's  monogram  is 
on  the  handle,  on  w^hich  also  will  be  engraved 
the  names  of  some  of  the  members,  and  the 
number  of  the  class. 

The  following  are  the  names  of  the  Com- 
mittee : 

Gen.  J.  S.  Berry,  Enoch  Pratt, 

Alee  Brown,  Geo.  W.  Robinson, 

E-.  Stockart  Mathews,        Henry  Tyson, 
Ichabod  Jean,  F.  L.  Lawrence, 

Marshall  Gouldsborrough,  F.  P.  Stevens, 

Part  of  Baltimore  Class,  numbering  3504, 
February,  1871. 


PRATT, 

THE  GREAT  HORSE  TRAINER. 


You  man  of  sixty,  with  no  vital  force, 

How  you  would  like  to  driVe  your  noble  horse ; 

How  you'd  delight  to  take  the  country  air, 

And  free  yourself  and  wife  of  ev'ry  care  ; 

But  you  are  feeble,  and  your  colt  is  shy, — 

He  starts  at  ev'ry  object  that  is  nigh  ? 

Then  go  to  PRATT,  to  his  horse-training  school^ 

And  he  will  gladly  teach  you  how  to  rule. 

Young  ladies,  wlio  are  blessed  with  ample  wealthy 
And  sigh  for  saddles  to  improve  the  health — 
How  you  would  like  to  ride  at  morn  and  eve  ; 
But  you  have  fear  your  horse  will  take  his  leave,— 
He'll  kick,  or  run,  or  jump,  or  rear,  or  start, 
And  you,  for  saddle  pleasures,  fail  at  heart. 
Then  let  your  bi-others  go  to  PRATT,  and  find 
How  vicious  horses  are  made  tame  and  kind. 

iii 


You  jockey,  daily  driving  on  the  course, 

And  making  all  your  income  from  the  horse, — 

You  find  that  there  is  much  you'd  like  to  know  ; 

There's  something  wrong — your  balky  horse  don't  go^ 

Your  knowledge  fails  to  serve  you,  and  you  see 

That  men  are  doubting  your  ability  : 

Then  go  to  PRATT,  and  he  will  quickly  show 

Those  points  that  make  the  jockey's  bosom  glow. 

You  countryman,  with  *'nag"  that  rules  the  barn, 
Inflicting  on  you  ev'ry  kind  of  harm  ; 
"With  nag  that  drives  your  hired  man  away, 
And  fills  the  plow-boy  with  a  deep  dismay, — 
Obtain  the  knowledge  you  would  never  sell — 
Facts  worth  far  more  than  human  tongue  can  tell. 
PRATT  is  the  man  to  teach  you,  he'll  unfold 
The  science  worth  a  purse  well  fiU'd  with  gold. 

You  bla-cks'mith,  wondering  what  you  will  do, — 
You  man  in  terror  of  the  horse  you  shoe  ; 
You  man  with  wife,  who  has  a  fev'rish  head, 
Through  fear  a  kick  will  send  you  to  the  dead  : 
Why^don't  you  give  your  family  relief. 
And  free  them  from  this  daily  chance  of  grief? 
Go  learn  of  PRATT,  your  woe  will  have  an  end. 
He'll  teach  the  facts,  on  which  you  may  depend. 


HORSE  TRAINER.  y 

This  PRATT  will  take  your  full-blood,  fierce  and  wild, 
And  forty  minutes  find  him  like  a  child  ; 
Your  blooded  charger,  full  of  trick  and  balk, 
Is  taught  to  do  most  ev'ry thing  but  talk. 
He'll  nod  for  "yes,'"  and  shake  his  head  for  "no,'* 
Lie  down,  go  lame,  back,  stop,  or  forward  go  ; 
He'll  pick  up  kerchiefs,  kiss  you,  and  he'll  seem 
Some  human  friend  with  intellect  supreme . 

This  PRATT  will  give  your  lazy  horse  a  fire, 
Your  rampant  steed  he'll  teach  you  how  to  tire ; 
He'll  stop  his  cribbing,  he  will  stop  all  tricks 
That  put  both  horse  and  owner  "in  a  fix." 
He'll  make  you  master,  fill  your  soul  with  joy. 
To  see  a  horse  soon  governed  by  a  boy  ; 
And  this  great  art  you  readily  secure, 
On  terms  to  suit  the  purses  of  the  poor. 

And  who  is  PRATT  ?    He's  an  electric  man ; 
With  him  the  motto  is — I  will  and  can! 
And  New  York  Ledger  Bonner,  and  a  host, 
Proclaim  he  is  a  man  of  whom  to  boast. 
I,  as  a  pupil,  have  more  "horse"  in  store, 
Than  learned  from  ev'ry  other  source  before. 
Then  go  to  PRATT — go  to  his  ring  and  see, 
And  you  will  swear  to  all  you've  read  from  me. 


THE    CA]S"ING 

OF 


Monday  eve,  the  21st  of  February,  1810,  will 
long  be  remembered  by  those  citizens  who  are 
interested  in  horse  education.  During  the  free 
exhibition  of  Professor  0.  S.  Pratt,  at  his  Horse- 
Educating  Tent-School,  on  Eighth  street,  below 
Vine,  our  townsman  poet,  Elmer  Ruan  Coates, 
very  unexpectedly  entered  the  ring,  and,  holding 
up  a  magnificently  elaborated  golden-headed  cane, 
surprised  the  Professor  in  an  eloquent  address, 
which  we  can  give  only  in  synopsis. 

Mr.  Coates  declared  that  all  nations,  in  all 
ages,  have  delighted  to  honor  the  meritorious. 
The  analytic  mind  of  Greece  was  promoted  to 
the  Academy  and  Groves  of  the  same,  while 
bright  intellects  gave  homage  and  quaffed  gems 
of  lore. 


vriii  THE  CANING  OF 

The  school-boy  quoted  Roman,  if  a  victor 
passed  under  the  triumphal  arch,  bowing  to 
popular  plaudits.  If  a  poet,  he  was  laureated ; 
if  philosophic,  oratorio,  or  mechanical,  he  had 
his  meed  of  honor  from  proper  sources.  Even 
the  Tartars  were  grateful,  and  Tamerlane,  the 
great  Usbeck,  was  elevated  in  proportion  to 
merit. 

The  American  Indian  who  exhibits  military- 
strategy,  is  chosen  chief  pro  merito,  and  leads 
the  painted  warriors.  The  highly-cultured  United 
States  never  forgets  the  truly  great.  Here  the 
statesman,  poet,  orator,  lawyer,  divine,  artist, 
man  of  science  or  mechanism,  is  both  courted 
and  remunerated.  Our  worthy  dead  live  in 
hearts,  monuments,  statues,  statuettes,  and  oil. 
The  living,  acting  man  of  the  day  is  recipient 
of  both  newspaper  glory  and  material  recog- 
nition. 

Taking  the  Professor  by  the  hand,  he  continued : 
My  friend,  a  full  consideration  of  gratitude  has 
timely  and  most  heartily  determined  your  large 
class  to  offer  this  El-Dorado-headed  cane.     Sir, 


PBOFESSOn  PRATT.  is 

we  recognize  you  as  the  greatest  equestrian  edu« 
cator  in  the  world.  Your  humble  servant  is 
proud  of  his  recent  acquisition.  You  hav^e  en- 
abled the  palsied  old  man  to  ride  in  safety ;  you 
allow  the  old  lady  to  drive  minus  the  fear  of  a 
broken  neck;  the  young  lady  or  horse-loving 
master  can  now  indulge  saddle  pleasures,  know- 
ing the  animal  thoroughly  subdued  by  some 
member  of  your  class. 

Every  vicious  trait  a  horse  can  possess  is 
thoroughly  cured  by  your  unequaled  skill.  You 
are  a  practicalist,  a  utilitarian,  an  educator  in 
one  of  the  most  necessary  and  recreative  branches 
of  polite  culture.  Indeed,  a  logical  lawyer  could 
raise  a  fine  issue  relative  to  the  comparative 
merits  of  your  skill  and  that  of  the  statesman. 
Disparaging  no  sphere,  I  would  say  that  the 
live,  practical,  successful  man  in  any  avocation, 
is  the  person  we  need  and  the  individual  we  will 
honor. 

Your  grateful  class,  at  this  date  numbering 
2523,  are  of  my  sentiments,  and  now  delegate 
me  to  tender  this  beautiful  present — not  as  a 


X  CANING  OF  PROF.  PBATT. 

quid  jjro  quo,  but  merely  as  a  memento.  My 
dear  sir,  I  trust  it  will  be  very  long  ere  you  re- 
quire this  as  a  physical  staff.  But,  when  that 
period  does  come,  may  it  equally  subserve  the 
mental  and  heart-man,  and  aid  in  happy  retro- 
spect of  Philadelphia,  Philadelphians,  and  your 
admiring  class — a  class  that  mainly  hails  you  as 
both  a  high-toned,  social  gentleman  and  the  horse 
educator  of  the  age.     [Great  applause.] 

The  Professor,  receiving  the  cane,  bowing,  and 
somewhat  tremulous  with  emotion,  responded  as 
follows : 

''What!  gentlemen,  can  it  be  that,  after  your 
many  kind  attentions,  I  am  to  receive  a  further 
testimonial  of  your  regard,  and  another  reminder 
of  pleasant  times  passed  with  you  ? — times  that 
certainly  I  never  can  forget. 

"Words  cannot  express  my  feelings  on  this 
occasion.  Therefore,  I  sincerely  return  you 
thanks." 

Here  terminated  a  most  pleasant  affair,  with 
thunders  of  demonstration. 

The  cane  bears  the  following :  "  A  tribute  to 
merit.  To  Professor  0.  S.  Pratt,  from  his  Phila- 
delphia class,  numbering  2523." 


PREFACE. 


JT  is  not  too  much  to  say,  that  not  one 
horse  in  a  hundred,  if  one  in  a  thou- 
sand, in  the  United  States  is  ever  properly 
broken  ;  or  one  in  fifty,  when  offered  for  sale 
as  a  finished  horse,  entered  in  the  merest 
rudiments  of  his  education.  Horses  are  rare- 
ly actively,  and  almost  never  savagely  vicious 
E"othing  more  than  this,  as  a  general  thing, 
is  required.  If  a  horse  will  carry  his  rider 
without  kicking  him  over  his  head,  or  draw 
him  in  his  wagon  or  carriage,  without  kick- 
ing it  to  drivers ;  if  he  will  go  off  at  a  walk, 
increase  his  speed  to  the  top  of  his  gait,  and 
stop  again,  when  pulled  upon,  without  run- 


4  PBEFACE. 

ning  away ;  if  he  will  hold  back  going  down 
hill,  and  more  particularly,  if  he  will  stand 
at  a  door  without  tying,  ne  is  held  to  be 
fully  broken,  and  is  willingly  received,  cred 
ited  and  paid  for  as  such.  It  is  needless  to 
say  that  such  a  horse  is  far  from  being  bro 
ken  at  all,  especially  from  being  well  broken, 
as  a  perusal  of  the  contents  of  this  book  will 
convince  the  most  skepticaL 


AUTO-BIOGEAPHICAL. 


^fi  WAS  born  in  the  county  of  Genesee, 
^§M£l  State  of  ]^ew  York,  the  "  Garden  of 
the  World."  I  amused  myself  in  my  younger 
days  hj  taming  and  educating  animals  of 
the  small  kind  or  order.  At  the  ag-e  of 
twelve  years  I  had  a  caravan,  on  a  small 
scale,  of  trained  and  tamed  coons,  crows, 
squirrels,  dogs,  rabbits,  &c.  Such  an  innate 
desire  had  I  to  see  to  what  perfection  the 
education  of  animals  could  be  brought,  that 
it  became  my  constant  study.  And  as  I 
advanced  in  years,  the  noble  horse  claimed 
my  attention,  and  the  subject  of  subduing 


6  A  UTO-BIO  GRAPHIC  A  L. 

him  by  kindness,  and  in  a  practical  manner, 
has  for  some  time  occupied  my  thoughts. 
The  result  of  my  observations  and  study 
are  given  in  the  pages  of  this  volume. 


THE 

HOKSE  EDUCATOR. 


INTRODUCTOKY  REMARKS. 

^^ff|,IIIS  book  contains  the  best  known 
SFItS  method  of  edncatino;  training;  and 
taming  horses ;  it  is  a  system  conceded  by 
all  before  Avliom  it  has  been  practised,  as 
perfect  in  all  its  points.  Some  \evy  valua- 
ble ideas  differ  from  R.  P.  Hamilton,  the 
most  important  of  which  is  bitting  a  colt, 
and  has  never  before  been  published.  I  shall 
also  give  a  few  remarks  on  shoeing,  and 
some  valuable  recipes  for  the  cure  of  various 
diseases  horses  are  subject  to. 

My  object  in  placing  this  work  before  the 
public  is  to  obliterate  many  erroneous  ideas 
embraced  at  the  present  day  by  persons  who 
are  now  ignorant  of  the  fact  (and  will  be 

7 


8  TEE  HORSE  EDUCATOR. 

till  ihey  receive  iDstructioDS  as  taught  by 
me),  that  a  theory  is  necessary  to  success  in 
the  management  of  a  horse.  Ko  matter 
how  simple  the  means  used,  so  long  as  it 
brings  about  the  desired  efiect.  Experience 
teaches  us  to  simplify  the  process  of  hand- 
ling horses,  both'  for  their  good  and  the 
benefit  to  be  derived  therefrom. 

In  this  volume  I  purpose  to  give  explicit 
directions  in  regard  to  the  practice  of  this 
system,  and  the  means  used  by  me  in  edu- 
cating and  subduing  everj^  horse,  thereby 
showing  the  secret  of  my  success;  showing 
the  system  is  not  only  superior  to  all  others 
in  the  etiects  it  produces,  but  that,  if  prac- 
tised, it  is  a  never-failing  remedy  for  all 
vicious  and  unmanageable  horses  ;  also,  as 
being  the  only  safe,  sure  and  reliable  way  of 
educating  colts,  and  if  always  used  and 
practised,  we  shall  have  no  more  runaways, 
no  more  kicking  or  balky  horses.  I  firmly 
believe  that  all  the  vicious  habits  horses 
have  are  taught  them  through  the  ignorance 
of  their  owners  or  trainers,  and  it  is  only 
through   patient    study   and    perseverance 


THE  E0B8E  EL  UCA  TOR.  9 

that  common  sense  teaches  ns  a  better  prac- 
tice than  was  ever  before  given  to  the  pub- 
He.  To  show  the  horeseman's  superiority 
over  him  is  the  first  point  to  be  gained  ; 
teachiug  him  that  you  are  "man,  and  he 
the  horse,"  that  through  your  better  judg- 
ment you  have  over  him  perfect  control ; 
that  his  business  is  simply  to  do  your 
bidding ;  an  object  which  can  in  no  w^ay  be 
attained  except  as  you  first  gain  submission 
on  his  part,  through  patience  and  kindness, 
with  a  thorough  knowledge  of  a  theory  both 
easy  and  simple  to  practice,  incurring  slight 
expense.  Such  an  one  you  receive  at  my 
hands.  So  easy  is  it  in  its  use  that  a  boy 
ten  years  of  age  can,  with  its  assistance, 
manage  the  most  ugly  and  vicious  of  horses 
with  ease  and  safety,  throwing  them  from 
ten  to  twenty  times  a  minute,  with  his 
hands  in  his  pockets. 

Persons  joining  my  class  have  the  advan- 
tage of  buying  the  knowledge  which  has 
been  acquired  by  years  of  study  as  w^ell  as 
the  experience  of  my  own  experimenting,  as 
it  is  a  well-known  fact  that  physicians  hear 


10  THE  HORSE  ED  UGATOR. 

of  different  remedies  having  been  used  with 
success  for  a  disease  seemingly  beyond  their 
control.  They  conclude  to  try  them  as  an 
experiment  on  their  patient,  with  successful 
results,  and  are  thereby  heralded  as  the 
wonder  of  the  ag-e  and  benefactors  of  man- 
kind.  Thus  it  is  with  us.  We  have  tried, 
and  have  found  a  remedy  for  the  vexations 
incident  to  the  management  of  the  noble, 
but  much  abused  horse.  We  call  ourselves 
the  horse's  friend,  because  in  the  use  of  our 
instructions  he  is  kindly  taught  what  is 
required  of  him.  He  is  first  taught  that  he 
must  succumb  to  the  w^ill  of  his  master. 
Pie  is  then  caressed.  By  showing  him  that 
only  kindness  towards  him  is  intended,  he 
is  made  to  understand  what  is  desired  of 
him,  and  he  is  at  once  your  obedient  slave. 
There  are  now  many  w^orks  before  the 
public  on  this  all-important  subject,  and 
many  different  systems  taught  and  practised 
which  have  failed  to  please  the  people.  And 
why?  First,  because  they  have  failed  to 
make  their  theory  simple  to  practice,  and 
easy  to  comprehend,  many  times  using  cruel 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGATOR.  11 

means,  thereby  disabling  the  animal,  and 
rendering  him  unfit  for  use.  The  carrying 
into  practice  of  many  of  these  systems  is 
expensive,  the  articles  for  use  difficult  to 
procure,  and,  in  the  use  of  them,  much  mus- 
cular strength  is  required.  Therefore,  they 
are  seldom  tried  more  than  once.  I  have  the 
advantage  over  those  who  have  preceded  me, 
of  having  witnessed  their  failure,  have  sought 
to  learn  the  cause,  and  guard  against  the 
same  disaster,  till  I  am  now  able  to  intro- 
duce an  improvement  over  them  all.  It  is 
not  necessary  for  me  to  say  this ;  it  is  testi- 
fied to  by  all  the  best  horsemen  in  the 
country.  My  reputation  is  so  thoroughly 
established  that  it  is  only  necessary  to  let 
it  be  known  when  and  where  I  will  give 
instructions  to  a  class,  and,  on  my  arrival, 
from  one  to  four  hundred  stand  ready  to 
purchase  tickets.  It  matters  not  how  many 
systems  they  already  know,  or  how  many 
intimate  friends  they  may  have  in  this  bu- 
siness, for  whom  they  desire  success.  They 
are  each  and  every  one  ready  to  testify  to 
the  superiority  of  this  system  over  all  they 


13  THE  HORSE  ED  TIC  A  TOE. 

have  ever  witnessed,  and  add  that  it  is  labor- 
saving,  and  nothing  but  fun  to  practice,  and 
before  the  instructions  are  half  over  are  sat- 
isfied that  they  have  received  more  than 
the  worth  of  their  money,  and  would  not 
again  be  placed  in  ignorance  of  it  for  twenty 
times  the  price  paid.  jN'ot  a  day  passes  but 
I  am  told  that  I  am  doing  more  good  than 
any  one  man  in  this  country,  by  teaching 
men  how  to  save  their  own  and  other's 
lis^es,  by  educating  their  horses  not  to  kick 
when  any  obstacle  touches  their  heels,  and 
to  stop,  as  though  shot,  at  the  word  of  com- 
mand. You  are  aware  that  no  medicine  is 
used  by  me.  J^otwithstanding  skeptics  look 
on  in  wonder  at  the  result  of  my  practice 
on  horses  brought  to  me  to  handle,  known 
to  be  untrue;  see  me  drive  them  in  the 
street  without  quarter-straps,  ten  rods  ahead 
of  me ;  stop  and  start  them,  at  the  w^ord  of 
command,  and  back  the  vehicle  with  their 
heels,  having  seemingly  forgotten  how  to 
kick,  or  that  they  ever  had  the  habit.  This, 
outsiders  say,  must  be  the  eflect  of  medicine, 
and  will  not  last.     But  you,  as  members  of 


THE  HO  USE  ED  VGA  TO  11.  13 

my  class,  know  better,  and  furthermore, 
that  I  practice  nothing  which  is  not  ex- 
plained to  the  class,  and  that  every  member 
can  j^erform  the  same  feats,  not  only  on 
their  own,  but  on  every  horse  that  can  be 
produced,  no  matter  what  habits  of  an  evil 
nature  they  may  be  addicted  to. 

It  is  desirable  that  colts  should  all  be  edu- 
cated in  the  manner  I  teach,  that  they  may 
never  be  ugly  or  have  any  bad  habits  to 
break  up.  The  secret  of  having  so  many 
bad  horses  in  this  country  is  bad  manage- 
ment or  neglect  when  they  are  young.  Hor- 
ses are  taught  to  be  ugly,  because  they  are 
caressed  at  the  wrong  time,  and  whipped  for 
doing  just  what  they  have  been  taught  by 
their  master,  who  has  unconsciously  ruined 
them.  And  after  these  habits  are  once 
contracted,  it  is  very  hard  to  have  a  remedy 
to  apply, — a  pljysician  to  apply  to.  My 
system  is  the  needed  remedy. 

Persons  having  travelled  over  the  road 
with  an  inferior  system  are  no  stumbling- 
block  for  me,  because  my  reputation  travels 


14  THE  HORSE  EDUCATOR. 

faster  than  I  do,  and  my  friends  are  made 
by  hearing  of  me  before  I  arrive  in  town, 
and  I  am  welcomed  as  their  benefactor.  I 
am  constantly  in  receipt  of  letters  from 
various  places,  soliciting  me  to  come  and 
give  them  instruction.  I  travel  slowly,  and 
hope  to  give  the  citizens  of  every  town  in 
each  county  an  opportunity  to  learn  this 
Bjstem,  for  it  is  a  fact  that  more  attention 
is  going  to  be  paid  to  horses  and  their  man- 
agement than  ever  before,  because  the  study 
has  at  last  reached  perfection. 

In  my  free  exhibitions  I  show  that  a 
horse  may  be  taught  tb  do  almost  anything 
but  talk.  My  favorite  horse,  known  as 
Tom  Thumb,  or  the  Ladies'  Pet,  will  answer 
an}^  direct  question  as  readily  as  a  child,  and 
with  equal  understanding  of  w^hat  I  expect 
him  to  do.  He  is  said  to  be  the  best  trained 
or  educated  horse  ever  shown  in  this  part 
of  the  country,  and  the  only  one  ever  seen 
to  w^alk  on  his  knees,  which  he  does  with 
ease ;  although  it  is  a  fbat  difficult  to  per- 
form. He  is  so  perfectly  under  my  control 
that  not  a  motion  of  mine  during  the  enter- 
tainment  escapes   his   notice ;   thus,  he   is 


THE  HORSE  EDUCATOR  15 

prompt  in  his  tricks.  JS'aturally  possessing 
a  superior  intellect  and  keen  perception,  he 
has  been,  perhaps,  more  easily  educated 
than  many  could  have  been ;  but  so  far  as 
the  principles  are  concerned,  any  person  can 
teach  his  own  horses  to  do  the  same  thing, 
by  adhering  strictly  to  the  explicit  direc- 
tions herein  contained.  I  have  also  a  "Nvhite 
stallion,  known  as  the  JS^orth  Star,  educated 
to  drive  without  reins,  guided  wholly  by 
the  motion  of  the  whip,  I  do  not  often  ex- 
hibit him;  because  this  is  not  wdiat  jieopl-e 
care  to  see.  It  has  been  practised  through 
the  country  by  persons  teaching  a  very  dif- 
ferent system.  It  is  not  desirable  to  me 
that  this  system  be  classed  in  that  capacity, 
as  it  must  be  if  I  give  the  same  exhibition, 
nor  is  it  in  any  way  desirable  to  break 
horses  to  drive  in  this  manner,  which  it  is 
both  simple  and  easy  to  do,  but  I  deem  it 
more  commendable  and  practicable  to  teach 
a  horse  to  drive  safely  with  reins  under  good 
subjection,  spirit  unimpaired.  The  beauty 
of  a  horse,  aside  from  his  formation  of  body, 
is  his  spirit  and  ambition,  at  the  same  time 
submission  to  his   master,  his  w^ord   being 


16  TEE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR. 

law,  and  although  it  is  almost  impossible  to 
convince  thorough  horsemen  that  they  do 
not  know  all  concerning  the  horse  and  his 
management,  when  once  thej  can  be  pre- 
vailed upon  to  witness  an  explanation  of 
my  theory,  they  are  my  best  advertisers ; 
being  known  in  their  community  to  possess 
superior  knowledge  of  all  the  improved  sys- 
tems which  have  previously  been  practised, 
they  are  so  pleased  to  find  something  differ- 
ent, and  so  perfect  in  all  its  points,  that  they 
at  once  urge  others  to  come  and  be  benefited 
also,  and  it  is  thought  that  if  we  can  teach 
such  men  anything  we  must  indeed  know 
something  worth  learning.  "Were  it  not 
that  it  w^ould  occupy  too  much  space,  I 
would  give  for  3'our  perusal  some  of  the 
many  testimonials  which  have  been  pre- 
sented to  me  during  my  travels. 

But  as  I  do  not  expect  any  to  peruse  this 
book  who  have  not  previously  obtained 
thorough  instruction  of  this  system,  it  is 
not  necessary  for  me  to  say  what  I  can  do; 
but  merely  to  explain  the  manner,  through 
which  the  good  results  are  produced,  for 
your  future  reference. 


THE  HOUSE  EDUCATOB.  17 


REMARKS  FOR  YOUR  STUDY. 

^^IIE^  you  have  taught  your  horses 
i^^  what  is  required  of  tliem,  and  ap- 
pealed to  their  understanding  hy  convincing 
them  that  with  submission  on  their  part, 
kindness  is  received,  the  one  great  point  is 
gained.  A  horse  or  a  dog  may  be  taught 
ahnost  any  tiling,  provided  you  always  use 
precisely  the  same  idea.  Siiow  him  what 
you  mean,  and  have  the  patience  to  repeat 
it  often  enough,  alwnys  bearing  in  mind 
that  for  us  to  comprehend  another's  mean- 
ing by  motions  is  very  difiicult,  and  we  do 
not  expect  them  to  have  the  reasoning 
powers  which  we  possess;  still,  I  do  believe 
them  to  be  reasoning  creatures,  j^ossessing 
a  keen  perception  of  right  and  wrong. 
Were  it  not  so,  they  would  not  so  readily 
learn  to  refrain  from  doing  that,  for  which 
they  have  been  punished,  or  to  do  the  bid- 
ding of  those  they  love,  and  by  whom  they 


18  THE  HORSE  EB  UGATOR. 

have  been  caressed.  They  possess  strong 
affections,  and,  in  a  degree,  manifest  them 
in  accordance  with  the  amount  of  affection 
demonstrated  by  their  master.  It  is  also 
true,  they  know,  by  instinct,  a  good  man 
from  a  cruel  one.  Also,  that  they  are  quite 
as  well  aware,  when  being  driven  by  a 
coward,  as  is  the  driver  himself  or  herself, 
as  the  case  may  be. 

I  have  often  heard  it  remarked  that  a 
horse  might  be  ever  so  gentle,  yet  would 
invariably  act  nervously  w^hen  being  driven 
by  a  lady.  Have  been  asked  why  it  w^as  ? 
It  is  simply  this :  the  horse  knows  his  ad- 
vanta«;e  and  realizes  her  natural  timidity, 
and  when  he  really  ought  to  act  the  best  is 
almost  nnmanageable.  But,  if  a  horse  is 
in  the  habit  of  being  petted  and  fondled  by 
a  lady,  he  soon  learns  to  love  and  follow 
her,  demonstrating  the  principle  that  for 
himself  love  is  the  reward. 

The  effects  of  rude  treatment  are  notice- 
able particularly  on  horses  of  a  sensitive, 
ambitious  nature ;  such  either  fret,  or  are 
dangerous  when  subjected  to  the  manage- 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOR.  19 

ment  of  an  impulsive,  irritable  groom, 
though  extremely  docile  and  safe  to  a  care- 
ful, patient  person.  The  great  extremes  of 
disposition  and  character  in  horses  show  a 
peculiar  adaptation  for  different  purposes 
and  requirements.  The  slow,  dull,  coarse- 
grained horse,  naturally  adapted  for  the 
cart  or  plow,  cannot  bear  the  active  exer- 
tion necessary  to  great  speed,  while  those 
of  a  higher  spirit  would  not  submit  patiently 
to  this  slow  drudgery.  Iso  animal  has  a 
keener  intuition  of  the  feelings,  or  is  more 
easily  encou^-aged  to  viciousiiess  by  the  in- 
dications of  fear,  or  more  forcibly  held  in 
check  by  a  fearless,  confident  expression  of 
manner  than  the  horse.  It  is  not,  however, 
to  be  inferred  that  not ''being  afraid  of  a 
horse "  is  by  any  means  to  be  considered 
fool-hardiness;  courage  and  confidence 
should  be  dictated  by  the  danger  shown. 
The  expression  of  the  eye,  action  of  the  ears, 
lips,  &c.,  indicate  clearly  the  intentions,  dic- 
tatiiior  the  hazard  to  be  incurred.  Whatever 
may  be  the  feelings,  great  boldness  of  ex- 
pression and  action  is  indispensable.     This 


20  THE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOE. 

not  only  aids  in  keeping  resistance  in  check, 
but,  under  some  circumstances,  maj^  be  the 
means  of  j)reserving  life.  The  control  of 
horses  is  like  that  of  an  intricate  but  pow- 
erful machine,  when  under  the  subjection 
of  skillful  management.  If  horses  be  sub- 
jected to  skillful  and  prudent  management, 
they  will  easily  be  made  docile  and  control- 
able  ;  on  the  other  hand,  subjected  to  rude, 
imprudent  treatment,  they  are  at  once  liable 
to  become  unreliable,  hostile  and  impulsive 
brutes.  The  generous  reward  of  this  skill 
should  be  an  incentive  to  ^very  one  to 
acquire  a  correct  knowledge  of  their  duty. 

That  there  is  great  loss  of  life,  and  many 
lamentable  accidents,  almost  daily,  in  every 
neighborhood,  from  the  use  of  horses  that 
are  dangerously  vicious  and  unmanageable, 
cannot  be  questioned. 

One  horse  will  run  away,  if  given  the 
least  freedom ;  another  is  liable  to  kick, 
himself  clear  from  the  wagon,  if  a  strap 
dangle  against  his  flanks,  or  if  the  breech 
break,  or  anything  of  the  kind  occurs  to 
excite     his    fear.      One    horse   will    balk, 


TRE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOE.  31 

another  goes  when  and  where  he  pleases, 
generally  pleasing  to  go  any  way  but  the 
right  one;  another  cannot  be  harnessed 
with  safety ;  another  will  kick,  if  the  rein 
touches  his  hip,  or  is  caught  under  his  tail ; 
one  will  not  stand  while  being  mounted,  or 
while  getting  into  the  carriage ;  another 
will  not  back;  others  are  frightened,  and 
sheer  and  jump  at  sight  of  a  stone,  stump 
or  paiier  in  the  street ;  while  to  others  an 
umbrella,  railroad  track  or  buffalo  robe  are 
objects  of  fear.  There  are  but  a  very  few 
horses  which  are  considered  well  broken  that 
have  not  some  habits  that  lessen  their 
value. 

It  is  seen  how  easily  I  make  the  worst  of 
horses  yield  to  my  control ;  and  if  my  in- 
structions are  thoroughly  practised,  success 
must  inevitably  be  the  result.  As  I  have 
heretofore  said,  the  great  secret  of  training 
horses,  is  first  to  get  control  of  them.  This 
must  be  done  by  fear.  They  must  be  taught 
that  you  can  and  will  be  their  master. 
Nothing  in  this  regard  is  so  effective  as 
throwing  the  horse.     This  has  been  allowed 


82  THE  HORSE  ED  UCATOR. 

for  years  by  all  successful  horsemen  who 
have  preceded  me. 

The  first  subject  to  which  I  hivite  your 
attention  is  the  young,  green  colt.  "Teach 
him  in  his  youth  the  way  he  should  go,  and 
wlien  he  is  old  he  will  not  depart  from  it." 

We  must  not  permit  the  colt  or  filly  to 
go  wild  and  run  riot  until  it  shall  have  at- 
tained its  full  strength,  its  full  energies,  and 
the  full  sway  of  its  natural  temper  unre- 
strained, without  making  an  efibrt  to  train 
or  teach  it  until  it  be  two  or  three  years 
old,  then  take  it  up,  and  saddle  and  bridle 
it  by  force,  and  putting  it  into  the  hands  of 
some  fearless,  hard-hearted,  mutton-fisted, 
rough-riding  fellow,  scarcely  less  a  brute  in 
all  points  of  humanity  than  that  which  he 
professes  to  teach,  expect  it  to  be  turned 
out,  by  dint  of  whip  and  spurs,  a  gentle 
animal,  rendered  so  by  brute  violence.  The 
education  of  a  colt  can  hardly  commence 
too  early.  He  should  be  handled  frequently 
by  diti'erent  persons,  and  should  be  made 
accustomed  to  whatever  is  likely  to  attract 
his   attention  when   he   is  put  in  harness. 


THE  HORSE  KJOUGATOR.  23 

The  more  he  is  accustomed  to  straps,  the 
less  likely  will  he  be  to  become  frightcDed 
by  accidental  breaking  of  the  harness,  by 
tlie  falling  of  a  trace  about  his  heels,  or  by 
having  the  reins  thrown  about  his  back  by 
a  careless  driver. 

Young  horses,  while  mere  foals,  nursi ng  by 
their  mothers'  sides,  should  be  accustomed  tvo 
be  fearless  ;  to  feed  from  the  liand,  to  sulier 
themselves  to  be  handled,  to  have  their  feet 
handled,  lifted  and  tapped  with  the  hands 
or  a  hammer  on  the  soles ;  to  be  led  to  and 
fro  by  the  forelock ;  to  endure  pressure  of 
the  hand  on  the  back ;  to  rejoice  in  being 
flattered,  caressed  and  spoken  to.  They 
should  be  very  early  equipped  with  a  head- 
stall, having  a  ring  appended,  to  which  a 
holder  can  be  attached,  and  by  these  means 
they  can  be  easily  taught  to  follow  at  any 
pace;  the  person  leading  them  may  adopt 
walking,  running  or  stopping,  as  he  may 
desire.  Punishment  at  this  period  should 
never  be  resorted  to,  but  rewards  should  be 
continually  offered.  Carry  in  your  pockets 
bits  of  sugar,  or  apples,  and  give  to  the  little 


24  THE  HO  BSE  EDUCATOR.     ' 

creature  with  a  caress,,  wlien  it  has  done 
what  is  required  of  it, 

Soon  after  this  a  pad  may  he  strapped  on 
the  back  for  a  few  hours  daily,  and  after  a 
time  stirrup  leathers,  the  stirrups  appended 
to  them,  may  be  suiiered  to  play  about,  by 
which  means  all  fear  of  such  things  will  be 
removed  lono;  enouo:h  before  it  will  become 
necessary  to  saddle  him  for  any  real  pur- 
pose. "When  he  is  about  a  year  old,  the 
colt's  bits  should  be  occasionally  put  in  his 
mouth,  and  he  should  be  reined  up  gently 
to  the  surcingle,  and  allowed  to  play  with 
them,  or  mouth  them  ;  after  this  he  may 
stand  for  an  hour  or  two  between  the  pil- 
lars with  the  rein  attached  from  the  colt's 
bit  to  rings  placed  at  a  proper  height  in  the 
standards.  But  here  it  it  is  necessary  to 
observe,  above  almost  anything  in  the 
world,  that  it  is  fatal  to  the  formation  of 
the  animal's  mouth  to  place  the  rings  too 
high,  or  to  bear  up  the  head  above  its  ordi- 
nary and  natural  elevation.  This  is  often 
done  to  give  a  lofty  carriage  to  the  colt's 
head,  and  produce  a  proud  bearing.  It  does 


THE  HO  USE  ED  UCA  TO  U.  25 

notliing  of  the  kind.  It  causes  the  horse, 
weary  with  having  its  head  forced  into  an 
unnatural  position,  to  bear,  to  weigh,  to 
hang  upon  the  bits, — to  become  accustomed 
to  their  pressure,  and  to  find  pleasure  in- 
fitead  of  pain  from  it,  so  that,  at  last,  it 
acquires  a  mouth  perfectly  unimpressive 
and  muscles  set  and  rigid. 

Shortly  after  this  the  colt  should  be 
walked  in  a  circle,  with  a  long  cord  at- 
tached to  the  breaking-bits,  in  a  smooth 
grass  field,  by  which  means  he  is  taught 
his  paces,  taught  to  regulate  them,  taught 
to  moderate,  to  increase  or  diminish  his 
speed,  to  change  his  leg,  to  come  toward 
the  operator,  or  to  stop  dead  short  at  a 
signal  either  of  the  voice  or  crack  of  the 
w^hip.  For  this  it  requires  only  time, 
patience  and  good  temper  to  efi'ect,  and 
when  effected,  half  the  business  is  done. 

ITo  attempt  should  be  made  to  put  the 
colt  to  work  before  he  is  three  and  a  half 
or  four  years  old,  and  it  would  be  far  better 
to  exact  no  work,  beyond  what  is  necessary 
for  gentle  exercise,  before  he  is  six  years 


26  THE  HORSE  EB  UCA  TOR. 

old;  this,  although  not  at  first  remunera- 
tive, is  eminently  &o  in  the  end;  for  the 
two  years  lost  in  early  life  will  generally 
add  six  or  eight  years  to  a  horse's  working 
time.  A  colt,  educated  according  to  the 
preceding  remarks,  will  not  need  the  treat- 
ment contained  in  the  next  chapter ;  but  as 
all  colts  are  not  educated  when  young,  it  is 
necessary  that  I  give  a  method  by  which 
they  can  be  brought  under  perfect  control. 


THE  COLT  AND  HIS  MANAGEMENT. 

The  first  step  to  be  taken  is  to  see  that 
the  lot  or  yard  in  which  you  intend  to 
handle  him,  is  clear  from  all  obstacles 
which  might  injure  him  or  serve  to  attract 
his  attention;  as  it  is  natural  for  a  colt  to 
be  attracted  by  all  domestic  animals,  they 
should  be  driven  from  the  enclosure,  also 
all  persons  except  the  one  undertaking  his 
management.      This  precaution  should  be 


THE  HORSE  EDUCATOR.  27 

taken  for  two  reasons:  first,  they  would 
attract  his  attention  and  direct  his  mind 
fi'om  you;  and,  secondly,  by  permitting 
the  presence  of  any  one  not  a  member  of 
my  class  you  would  violate  your  contract 


THE  HO  BSE  EDUCATOR, 


TO  HALTER-BREAK  A  WILD  COLl 

I'lIE  first  object  being  to  halter  the 
If  he  is  not  very  wild,  you 
can  easily  do  this  by  working  up  to  the 
head ;  by  scratching  the  neck  slip  the  halter 
on  the  head.  Should  he  seem  vicious,  this 
may  be  difficult,  if  not  dangerous  to  do, 
and  one  of  the  most  important  requisites  is 
to  guard  against  injury  either  to  yourself 
or  the  horse,  and  at  the  same  time  to 
accomplish  your  work  most  easily  and 
surely.  Your  best  way  of  procedure  is  as 
fohows : 

Take  a  small  pole,  ten  to  fifteen  feet  long, 
more  or  less  as  you  may  find  it  necessary  to 
safety ;  drive  an  eight-penny  nail  three  to 
four  inches  from  the  end  into  the  stick,  and 
another  nail  from  ten  to  twelve  inches  from 
the  first  one ;  take  a  common  rope  halter 
with  a  running-noose,  pull  the  part  that 
slips  through   the   noose   back   about  one 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOE.  29 

foot,  then  hang  the  part  that  goes  over  the 
head  upon  the  nails,  with  the  hitching-part 
held  in  your  hands  with  the  pole;  your 
halter  is  now  so  opened  and  hung  on  the 
nails  as  to  be  easil}^  placed  upon  the  head. 
If  the  colt  is  not  too  much  excited,  he  ia 
easily  attracted  to  notice  anything  new  to 
him ;  he  has  no  way  of  examining  objects 
but  by  his  nose,  and  so  he  is  prompted  to 
smell  and  feel  of  things,  consequently  you 
will  find  upon  holding  out  the  halter  gently, 
hung  (as  above)  upon  the  end  of  the  pole. 
he  will  reach  out  to  smell  of  it,  and  while 
he  is  gratifying  his  curiosity  in  this  way 
you  can  easily  raise  the  stick  high  enough 
to  bring  the  halter  over  and  back  of  the 
ears,  when,  by  turning  the  stick  around,  the 
halter  will  drop  from  it  upon  the  head. 
This  may  startle  him  some,  and  cause  him 
to  run  from  you;  but  by  doing  so  the  slack 
of  the  halter,  passing  under  the  jaw  through 
the  noose,  will  draw  up  and  the  halter  is  on 
the  head  safely.  Your  colt  now^  being  halt- 
ered, your  next  object  is  to  teach  him  to 
submit  to  its  restraint.     Stand  about  on  a 


go  THE  HORSE  ED  UCATOR. 

line  with  the  shoulder,  hut  some  distance 
from  him,  and  give  a  sharp,  quick  pull 
towards  you,  bat  instantly  slack  up  on  the 
halter.  You  have  the  greatest  advantage 
from  this  position,  and  by  adroitly  follow- 
ing up  this  advantage,  not  attempting  to 
pull  upon  the  colt  when  he  attempts  to  run 
back  from  you,  he  will  soon,  by  a  few  sharp 
pulls  in  this  way,  learn  to  feel  and  submit 
to  the  force  of  your  power. 

As  soon  as  he  will  permit  you  to  approach 
and  unloose  the  noose  from  his  neck,  using 
kind  words,  caress  and  let  him  know  you 
do  not  wish  to  hurt  him  ;  continue  to  caress 
him  till  he  will  permit  you  to  rub  his  neck 
and  ears,  and  encourage  him  by  feeding 
apples  and  sugar  from  your  hand. 

When  he  sabmits  so  far  as  to  let  you 
handle  his  head,  put  on  him  the  Bonaparte 
or  Camanche  bridle,  made  in  the  following 
manner : 

You  should  have  the  best  manilla  three 
thread  rope,  made  small  and  strong ;  of  this 
take  16  feet,  tie  a  hard  knot  in  one  end  of 
it,  and  a  loose  knot  far  enough  from  the  end 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR.  31 


to  reach  around  the  colt's  neck ;  pass  the 
hard  knot  through  the  loose  one,  draw  it 
up  tight,  tuck  the  middle  of  the  rope  under 
the  one  around  the  neck,  making  a  loop, 
which  you  pa^s  up  through  the  mouth, 
keeping  the  end  of  the  rope  in  your  hand. 
A  green  colt  is  not  had  about  taking  any- 
thing in  his  mouth  if  judgment  is  used,  and 
you  do  not  frighten  him ;  slip  the  loop  up 
well  over  the  jaws  under  the  roof  of  his 
mouth,  draw  up  on  the  loop,  and  take  off 
the  halter  you  first  had  around  his  neck. 
By  taking  hold  of  the  end  of  the  cord  you 
will  find  you  now  have  a  means  of  power 
in  3'our  hands,  which  will  enable  you  to 
control  the  strongest  animal  with  ease  and 


82  THE  HORSE  EB  VGA  TOR. 

Bafet3%  and  I  believe  the  Bonaparte  bridle, 
and  its  value  in  managing  and  training 
colts,  cannot  be  over-estimated  when  used 
with  judgment,  and  handled  with  adroit- 
ness and  skill. 

It  should  never  be  used  so  harshly  as  to 
excite  extreme  pain,  and  jet  with  a  touch 
that  causes  fear  of  resistance.  If  he  should 
endeavor  to  run  away  from  you  give  him  a 
quick,  sharp  jerk,  and  at  the  same  time  say 
"  ho  1 "  always  giving  him  the  command 
before  jerking  on  the  cord.  Eepeat  this 
treatment  as  often  as  he  may  make  the  at- 
tempt to  get  away;  when*  he  stops,  go  up 
to  him  and  caress  him  about  the  head ; 
when  he  gives  up  to  the  rope  enough,  so 
that  he  does  not  try  to  get  away,  proceed 
to  teach  him  to  lead.  With  your  rope  in 
hand,  step  back  to  his  side,  opposite  his 
hips,  and  say,  come  here  1  at  the  same  time 
give  him  a  quick,  sharp  pull  with  the  hal- 
ter; he  will  swing  round  towards  you,  and 
if  he  only  takes  one  step  in  the  right  direc- 
tion, show  him  by  a  caress  that  he  has  done 
what  you  desired  of  him.     Continue  to  ca 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGATOR.  33 

ress  him  for  every  step  taken  in  the  right 
direction,  and  he  will  very  soon  learn  to 
follow  you  at  the  word. 

If  the  colt  is  willful  and  stubborn,  handle 
him  with  the  Camanche  bridle  until  he  will 
stand  quietly,  then  take  your  strap  (pre- 
viously provided)  in  the  right  hand,  holding 
by  the  buckle,  commence  raising  the  foot 
next  to  you.  If  he  resists  your  efforts  re- 
prove him  with  the  halter.  Continue  your 
efforts  till  you  can  take  the  foot  in  your 
hand,  then  slip  the  strap  around  below  the 
fetlock  ;  putting  the  end  through  the  keeper 
on  the  inside  6f  the  buckle,  draw  it  up 
tight,  so  it  will  not  slip  up,  then  pass  the 
strap  through  between  the  horse  and  sur- 
cingle, and  fasten  it  to  the  surcingle  by 
buckling. 

By  putting  liim  on  three  legs,  he  can  offer 
but  slight  resistance  when  pulled  by  the 
head  sidewise,  and  will  come  around  as 
readily  with  his  legs  free  as  he  w^ill  with  one 
strapped  up.  Step  back  on  a  line  with  the 
hips,  holding  the  halter  firmly  in  your 
hand,  and  say,  come  here  1     He,  of  course, 


84  THE  HOUSE  EDUCATOR, 

does  not  come,  so  you  pull  on  the  bridle, 
and  he  is  obliged  to  swiirg  around  to  you. 
Step  around  to  the  other  side  and  repeat, 
bring  him  around  by  the  halter  each  time, 
till  when  he  hears  the  words,  come  here,  he 
will  obey  readily.  As  soon  as  the  colt  sub- 
mits to  this  step,  remove  the  strap  from  his 
leg  and  rub  the  foot  gently  where  the  strap 
has  been.  Step  back,  and,  as  before,  say, 
come  here !  If  he  does  not  come  readily, 
give  him  a  sharp,  quick  pull  with  the  rope, 
which  shows  him  you  can  handle  him  as  well 
on  four  legs  as  on  three ;  continue  to  caress 
him  for  every  step  forward  till  he  follows 
readilj. 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCATOR  85 


HOW  TO  BIT  A  COLT,  AND  MAKE  A 
BRIDLE. 

(See  Engraving,  page  37.) 

)HE  object  aimed  at  in  bitting  a  horse 
is  to  give  an  easy  position,  with  a 
a  high  and  graceful  carriage  of  the  head ; 
and,  in  our  efforts  to  do  this,  we  must  be 
careful  not  to  give  him  a  dead  bearing  on 
the  bit,  or  make  him  what  is  usually  known 
as  a  lugger.  All  the  bitting  rigs  which  we 
have  examined,  and  especially  those  of  Eng- 
lish make,  are  objectionable,  as  haviag  a 
a  tendency  to  produce  this  result.  The  rig 
which  we  here  give  you  is  entirely  free 
from  this  objection,  and  is  better  calculated 
to  produce  the  desired  result  of  ease  and 
gracefulness,  than  any  ever  before  presented 
to  the  public.  Our  rig,  instead  of  bearing 
on  the  jawbones,  whenever  the  horse  presses 
his  weight  upon  the  bit,  producing  a  cal- 
loused jaw  and  indifference  to  the  bit,  con- 


S«  THE  HORSE  ED  TIC  AT  OR, 

tracts  the  side  muscles  of  the  cheeks  on  tho 
molar  teeth  with  a  pain  the  horse  cannot 
endure;  he  lifts  his  head,  the  bit  falls  on 
the  side-rein,  and  the  mouth  is  at  once 
relieved.  Practice  has  shown  that  horses 
bitted  with  this  rig  soon  acquire  the  habit 
of  gently  and  gracefully  raising  the  head, 
wdth  that  occasional  toss,  or  upward  and 
downward  motion,  and  playing  wnth  the 
bit,  which  is  the  perfection  of  beauty  in 
a  carriage  horse,  while  standing  in  the 
harness. 

It  is  not  possible  for  a  horse  w^ith  our  rig 
to  become  a  "lugger;"  this  bit  never  bears 
upon  the  jawbone  with  more  than  a  light 
pressure,  and  when  he  attempts  to  rest  his 
head  upon  the  bit,  the  pressure  on  the  teeth 
causes  him  to  desist  and  elevate  his  head. 
He  soon  dreads  to  rest  upon  the  bit,  and  of 
his  own  free  will,  without  the  force  of  the 
rein,  carries  it  up  with  freedom  and  ease. 


TEE  HORSE  EDUGATOB, 


87 


COLT  WEARING  OUR  BITTING  BIG, 


f^'j||U"Ii  mode  of  bitting  a  colt,  is  to  put 
^^Vi  on  him  our  bridle  without  reins,  and 
turn  him  loose.  Do  this  a  few  times  until 
he  is  familiarized  with  the  bit,  which  should 
be  large,  say  an  inch  in  diameter  at  the  end, 
and  tapering  to  half  an  inch  at  the  joint, 


88  TEE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR. 

and  short — not  more  than  five  inches — be- 
tween the  crossbars ;  it  should  also  have  a 
tong;ie-plate  and  drops.  The  crossbars 
should  be  stout,  and  six  inches  long,  the 
rings  two  inches  in  diameter,  and  the  whole 
bit  well  plated  or  tinned. 

Take  a  gag-runner  bridle,  without  blind- 
ers, put  in  the  bit  I  have  described,  if  one 
can  be  had,  if  not,  get  a  jointed  bit  as  nearly 
like  it  as  you  can.  Fasten  to  the  head  part 
of  the  bridle  either  a  leather  strap,  or  a 
common  bed-cord  ;  pass  it  down  through 
the  bit,  and  up  through  the  gag-runners; 
let  it  be  long  enough  to  pass  back  to,  and 
a  little  beyond,  the  girth.  Take  a  common 
surcingle,  fasten  pads  to  the  back  to  prevent 
its  turning,  put  on  it  three  loops  of  leather — 
one  at  the  centre  of  the  back,  and  one  on 
each  side.  The  one  on  the  back  should  be 
lengthwise  of  the  surcingle,  with  a  space 
about  two  inches  long,  and  so  that  when 
the  girth  is  buckled,  you  can  freely  pass 
your  three  fingers  into  it.  Those  on  the 
side  should  be,  put  on  double,  like  boot- 
straps.    Make  the  loops  an  inch  and  a  half 


THE  no  USE  ^D  UGA  TOE.  89 

or  two  inches  long;  get  a  common  crupper 
and  back-strap ;  let  the  centre  of  the  gag- 
reins  be  passed  through  the  loop  on  the 
back ;  they  will  show  a  loop  behind  the 
girth,  into  which  fasten  the  back-strap  from 
the  crupper,  so  that  3^ou  can  tighten  and 
elevate  the  head  as  wanted.  Then  take 
two  other  cords ;  fasten  one  end  of  each  to 
the  crupper,  pass  one  down  on  each  side, 
through  the  loop  on  the  girth,  and  tie  the 
end  into  the  rins:  of  the  bridle-bit.  The 
manner  in  Avhich  it  is  put  on  and  worn  is 
shown  in  figure  given  above,  the  colt  being 
very  gently  reined  in. 


BREAKING  COLTS  TO  HARNESS. 

PUT  on  3^our  harness  carefully,  after  first 
having  it  made  to  fit  well,  being  made  strong 
and  safe  in  every  part.  Never,  on  any  account, 
drive  a  colt  in  an  unsafe  harness,  or  before 
a  vehicle  liable  to  break  down.     As  many 


40  THE  EOBSBi  ED  UCA  TOR, 

of  the  bad  habits  horses  have  are  the  result 
of  imprudent  proceedings.  After  applying 
the  harness,  allow  the  colt  to  stand  in  his 
stall,  or  walk  about  the  3^ard  for  half  or 
three-quarters  of  an  hour,  till  he  becomes 
used  to  the  pressure  of  the  different  parts, 
and  does  not  notice  the  rattling,  or  care  for 
its  presence.  As  soon  as  he  seems  perfectly- 
quiet,  cLeck  him  up  loosely,  and  drive  him 
about  the  yard.  So  soon  as  he  becomes  fa- 
miliar with  the  check  and  reins,  and  will 
stop  and  start  at  the  word,  and  drive  to  the 
right  and  left,  it  is  sp.fe  to  drive  liim  in  the 
street ;  always  putting  on  the  Camanche  or 
Bonaparte  bridle  for  safety.  I  consider  a 
sulky  preferable  at  first.  Let  the  colt. smell 
and  examine  every  part,  to  show  him  it  is 
not  an  object  of  fear ;  draw  it  up'  behind 
him,  rattlino;  and  runnino;  it  back  and  forth 
before  attaching  the  harness.  Before  start- 
ing him,  back  him  up  against  the  cross-bar 
of  the  shafts.  In  case  he  acts  frightened, 
speak  calmly  and  firmly,  at  the  same  time 
hold'mg  the  reins  tight,  to  prevent  him 
from  swinging  around,  should  he  be  so  dis- 


TEE  E0B8E  ED  UGATOB.  i\ 

posed.  Then  go  up  to  him  and  caress  him 
till  he  is  again  quiet.  Then  run  the  sulky 
against  his  haunches,  at  the  same  time 
soothing  him  by  kind  words  till  you  can 
push  the  sulky  about  him  as  you  please, 
and  he  care  nothing  about  it.  You  can 
then  take  your  seat  in  the  vehicle,  and 
drive  him  wherever  you  choose  without 
danger.  Let  him  go  slowly  at  first,  to  be- 
come familiar  with  the  objects  along  the 
road  liable  to  cauee  fear. 


42       THE  HO  BSE  ED  OCA  TOB. 


OBJECTS  OF  FEAR. 

Wi^  dvivmo-  be  careful  not  to  make  too 
!||]  free  use  of  the  whip.  If  objects 
which  you  are  obhged  to  pass  are  regarded 
by  the  horse  with  fear,  never  urge  him  to 
pass  them  fast,  or  excite  him  by  using  the 
whip.  Let  him  stand  and  look  at  the  ob- 
ject, and  drive  him  as  close  as  convenient, 
allowing  him  to  smel^  of  it,  and  see  that  no 
harm  is  intended  him  ;  at  the  same  time 
talk  encouragingly  to  him,  and,  in  this  man- 
ner, he  will  soon  be  fearless  and  confident, 
as  well  as  reo^ardless  of  such  thino;s.  Should 
you,  on  the  other  hand,  wdjip  him  for  be- 
comino*  frio-htened  at  such  thino^s,  he  will 
be  apt  to  associate  the  punishment  with 
the  object  of  fear,  and  be  more  frightened 
the  next  time  he  sees  it. 


THE  H0B8E  ED  UCA  TOB.  48 


TO  RECONCILE  THE  COLT  TO  A  ROBE. 

FIRST,  wliile  under  careful  restraint  (by 
the  use  of  the  war-bridle),  let  the  robe  be 
brought  up  gently  to  the  colt's  nose.  After 
permitting  him  to  feel  and  smell  of  it  till 
satisfied  it  is  harmless,  rub  it  gently  against 
his  head,  neck  and  body,  the  way  the  hair 
lies,  as  he  will  permit.  Then,  stepping  oil' 
a  short  distance,  throw  it  across  his  back, 
and  over  the  neck  and  head,  tilh  you  can 
throw  the  robe  around  him  anywhere,  and 
it  is  no  longer  an  object  of  fear. 


TO  OVERCOME  THE  FEAR  OF  AN 
UMBRELLA. 

WHILE  holding  the  colt,  as  before,  with 
the  bridle,  bring  the  umbrella  towards  him, 
and  ahow  him  to  smell  of  it  a  little;  rub  it 
against  his  head  and  body,  spread  it  a  little, 


il  THE  HOBSE  ED  UCA  TOR 

and  continue  to  caress  him  till  you  can 
raise  it  over  his  head,  and  pass  it  around 
him  as  you  please,  without  exciting  fear. 
This  same  proceeding  is  applicahle  under 
all  circumstances.  Even  as  it  is  said  that 
"familiarity  breeds  contempt,"  it  may  be 
said  of  the  colt  in  regard  to  objects  of 
fear.  Let  him  approach  near  enough  to  the 
dreaded  article,  and  he  ignores  the  idea  of 
being  afraid  of  it.  In  order  to  make  the 
colt  familiar  with  the  cars,  he  should  be 
led  to  them  often,  and  permitted  to  remain 
about  them.  At  first,  when  they  are  not 
in  motion,  and  then  again  when  they  are 
moving.  In  this  way  continue  till  he  is 
faniiliar  with  them.  In  any  event,  do  not 
faiJ  to  repeat  your  lessons  till  your  object  is 
attained. 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCATOB,  45 

TEACHING  THE  COLT  TO  BACK. 

^(IIE]^   the   colt   drives   well  to   the 


reins,  he  should  be  taught  to  back. 
This  brings  in  u^e  again  the  Camauche 
bridle.  Should  he  act  stubbornly,  after 
using  it  a  few  moments,  reverse,  hy  putting 
the  large  loop  over  his  neck,  which  w^ill 
touch  him  more  sharply.  If  the  colt  should 
become  warm  after  a  lesson  of  live  or  ten 
minutes,  stop;  and  repeat  the  lesson  any 
time  after  he  becomes  cool  and  quiet.  The 
colt  will  soon  learn  to  back  prom[)tly.  You 
may  now  put  on  reins,  and  teach  him  to 
back  by  being  pulled  upon  from  behind. 
The  lesson  should  be  repeated  till  the  colt 
is  prompt  in  his  obedience.  He  may  now 
be  backed  to  a  wagon,  but  at  first  on  a 
slightly  descending  grade,  gradually  requir- 
ing more  of  him  till  he  will  obey  promptly. 
The  same  is  applicable  in  teaching  a  colt 
to  draw  a  load.  You  can  gradually  increa>e 
the  amount,  till  he  will  draw  to  the  exte)  \ 


16  TEE  HOUSE  EDUCATOR, 

of  his  ability,  without  comprehending  that 
he  has  power  to  do  otherwise. 

After  your  horse  is  educated  to  the  use 
of  the  harness,  you  may  either  allow  him 
to  carry  his  head  as  nature  may  dictate,  or 
by  the  use  of  the  check-rein  bring  his  neck 
into  such  position  of  style  as  you  may  fancy. 
I  once  heard  a  friend  say  that  he  tamed  a 
very  young  colt  to  step  upon  a  shelf  or  box 
(arranged  about  a  foot  above  the  stable 
floor),  with  his  fore-feet,  and  reach  for  and 
eat  his  oats  from  a  box,  placed  high  enough, 
so  that  he  must  stretch  his  neck,  and  bend 
down  his  head  to  procure  his  food.  This, 
practised  three  times  each  day,  while  he 
was  growing  fast,  gave  a  natural  curve  to 
his  neck,  making  him  much  admired,  and 
of  more  than  ordinary  value,  by  one  hun- 
dred dollars.  These  little  ideas,  if  carried 
into  practice,  will  repay  one  for  tbeir  time 
and  trouble,  bv  makino;  an  otherwise  ordi- 
nary  looking  colt  give  an  imposing  appear- 
ance, to  gratify  the  pride  of  his  owner,  as 
well  as  bring  an  advanced  price  when  a  sale 
is  desirable.  It  is  a  true  maxim  :  "As  the 
twig  is  bent,  so  is  the  tree  inclined." 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOB,  47 


TREATMENT  OF  VICIOUS  HORSES. 

p|T  it  my  desire  throughout  this  book 
to  impress  it  upon  the  reader's  mind 
that  colts  are  not  naturally  vicious,  and 
horses  are  only  so  through  mismanagement 
when  colts.  I  must  now  proceed  to  teach 
you  how  to  Conquer  vicious  horses,  and 
cure  them  of  their  faults.  This  is  an  easy 
matter,  though  requiring  time,  perseverance 
and  patlv.::ce.  I  have  never  failed  to  cure 
the  worst  of  horses  in  a  short  space  of  time, 
in  from  one  to  three  lessons,  according  to  the 
degree  of  their  viciousness. 


FOR  BALKY  HORSES. 

THIS  habit  tries  the  patience  of  man 
more  than  any  other,  yet  by  patience  and 
tact  it  may  be  broken  up.     Horses  with 


48  THE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOR. 

this  Labit  are  usually  higli-spirited,  and  of 
a  nervous  temperament.  They  resist,  because 
we  have  failed  to  make  them  understand 
what  we  require  of  them,  or  it  may  be  from 
a  sore  shoulder.  Over-loading,  or  working 
till  tired  out,  is  particularly  the  cause  with 
young  animals.  The  whip,  under  such  cir- 
cumstances, only  excites  them  to  more  de* 
termined  resistance.  On  the  first  attempt 
of  your  horse  to  balk,  get  out  of  the  wagon, 
pat  him  on  the  neck,  examine  the  harness 
carefully,  first  on  one  side,  then  on  the 
other.  Encourage  him,  at  the  same  time, 
with  kind  words,  and  again  reseat  yourself 
in  your  vehicle,  and  give  the  word,  go  ;  gen- 
erally he  will  obey.  If  he  is  still  obstinate, 
take  him  from  the  carriage,  put  up  the 
traces,  so  they  will  not  drag  on  the  ground, 
take  him  by  the  head  and  tail,  reel  him 
around  till  almost  read}^  to  fall.  This  sel- 
dom fails  to  bring  about  the  desired  result. 
By  repeating  this  lesson  each  day  for  a 
week,  this  most  perplexing  habit  will  \j(i 
thoroughly  and  lastingly  broken  up. 

Another   method,  advisable   to   break   a 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOE.  49 

balky  horse  in  double  harness  is,  to  take  a 
hemp  cord,  pass  around  under  the  tail,  bring 
forward  through  the  terret-ring  of  the 
balky  horse,  and  fasten  to  the  other  horse's 
hame.  Thus  when  he  starts,  the  balky 
one  can  do  no  other  way  than  to  move  with 
him,  and,  in  a  short  time,  if  he  is  hitched 
single  or  double,  by  taking  your  whip  or 
common  stick,  and  put  on  the  back  of  the 
crupper-strap,  the  horse  w^ill  start  readily. 

In  the  following  chapter  I  will  explain 
how  I  throw  a  horse,  making  him  lie  down 
quietl}^,  and  almost  as  easily  as  when  by 
himself  in  the  stall.  It  can  be  done  with 
perfect  safety,  and  wdiatever  may  be  the 
vice  to  which  your  horse  is  addicted,  it  is  a 
good  plan  to  give  him  a  course  of  training, 
by  throwing,  and  handling  him  just  as  you 
please,  when  down ;  demonstrating  to  him 
that  it  is  worse  than  useless  to  resist  con- 
trol. It  is  also  the  best  way  to  handle  and 
manage  nervous  horses  I  have  ever  tried. 
After  having  been  handled  gently,  when 
down,  their  fear  passes  away,  and  you  can 
do  with  them  just  as  you  please. 


50 


TEE  HORSE  EDUGA9  922. 


HOW  TO  THROW  THE    VTORSE. 


PLACE  upon  the  animal  a  strong  sur- 
cingle, about  three  inches  back  of  the  fore- 
legs ;  connected  with  this  must  be  a  strong 
crupper.  There  must  be  a  strong  ring, 
about  one  inch  in  diameter,  at  the  top  oi 
the  surcingle,  or  rope  in  the  centre  of  the 
back,  and  another  one  upon  the  right  side, 
in  the  centre.     This  being  adjusted,  proceed 


THm  HORSE  EDUCATOR. 


51 


to  strap  up  the  left  fore-leg  as  follows.  {See 
Engraving.)  Take  a  common  quarter-strap, 
pass  it  two  or  three  times  around  the  leg, 
between  the  coffin  and  postern-joints,  and 
then  buckle  the  leg  close  up  to  the  belly. 
Place  around  the  horse's  neck  a  quarter-inch 
rope  (or  three-eighths)  loosely,  fixing  the 
knot  so  it  will  not  slip ;  bring  the  end 
down  the  near  side  of  the  head,  through  the 
mouth,  and  back  on  the  oif-side,  through 
either  of  the  rings  in  the  surcingle.  The 
one  in  the   centre  of  the   side,  if  the  first 


time  throwing,  will  give  you  greater  con- 


52  THE  E0R8E  ED  UGA  TOE. 

trol,  with  less  exertion.  Upon  pulling  on 
the  rope,  standing  in  my  position,  the  horse 
must  come  upon  his  side,  and  without  in- 
jury. 

In  practice,  all  will  perceive  the  decided 
advantage  of  this  over  any  other  system. 
The  operation  must  be  repeated  from  ten  to 
twenty  times,  or  until  the  horse  seems  en- 
tirely disgusted  with  the  controversy.  This 
operation,  if  properly  conducted,  will  result 
in  obtaining  control  of  the  horse,  and  in  his 
willingness  to  be  accommodating  at  least. 
The  next  thino;  is  to  teach  him  the  meaninor 
of  the  word,  whoa!  and  to  obey  it  when 
spoken  to  him  as  a  command.  This  also 
breaks  him  to  the  bridle.  Place  in  his 
mouth  the  scissors  or  VV  bit,  with  head-stall 
and  lines  attached  (an  ordinary  bit  will  do, 
though  the  one  named  is  preferable,  as  being 
more  secure);  now  let  the  horse  walk  olF 
a  few  feet,  twelve  or  twenty,  and  all  at 
once  jerk  with  all  your  force,  accompany- 
ing the  action  with  the  word  "whoa!^ 
When  be  stops,  step  to  his  side  and  caress 
him.      This,  repeated  eight  or  ten  times, 


TEE  HOBSE  ED  UCA  TOR.  53 

will  teach  the  horse  lastingly  the  word  and 
its  meaning.  You  must  say,  "  whoa! "  just 
before  you  pull.  This  treatment  of  the 
horse  must  be  repeated,  if  at  any  time  he 
grows  restive,  and  seems  indisposed  to  obey 
the  conmiand.  Sometimes  an  occasional 
jerk  preceded  by  the  command,  with  an 
ordinary  bit,  is  sufficient  to  refresh  his 
memory  on  the  subject.  This  method  is 
also  effectual  in  breaking  up  the  habit  of 
kickino'.  For  this  habit  I  sometimes  use  a 
link  bit,  never  before  presented  to  the 
public.  It  is  made  of  six  links,  each  link 
one  inch  in  length,  making  a  chain  nearly 
six  inches  long.  Place  at  each  end  of  this 
a  2  J  inch  vmg{See  Engraving  of  Kicking  Rig). 
With  the  aid  of  this  treatment  you  can 
cure  the  worst  of  kickers,  and  borses  in  the 
habit  of  running  away  can  usually  be  cured 
in  one  lesson,  thus  preventing  accidents  for 
the  future.  It  is  by  this  process  of  teacbing 
that  horses  are  driven  without  head-stall  or 
bridle. 


64  THE  HORSE  EDUCATOR. 


TO  CURE  A  HALTER  PULLER. 


PLACE  on  him  a  cciLTion  head-stall, 
put  on  liim  a  girth,  take  a  quarter-inch 
rope,  sixteen  feet  long ;  pass  iLe  centre  of 
this  rope  under  his  tail  in  placo-  of  a  crup- 
per, twist  this  rope  over  a  couple  v-^f  times, 
pass  the  ends  under  tlie  girth  upoii  each 
side  of  the  neck,  and  then  through  the 
noose  piece  of  the  head-stall  under  the 
check  piece  {See  Engraving)^  and  tie  to  a 


THE  H0R8E  ED  UGA  TOB.  55 

strong  post,  leaving  three  feet  play  of  the 
rope.  Strike  him  with  a  bag.  As  soon  as 
the  horse  pulls  back,  he  being  tied  by  the 
tail  to  the  post,  the  hurt  comes  there,  and 
not  on  the  head,  as  he  expected ;  he  starts 
up.  For  this  you  caress  him,  and  if  these 
instructions  are  followed  up  a  few  times  he 
is  cured  {See  engraving  'page  54). 


PAWING  IN  THE  STALL. 

PEOCURE  a  piece  of  chain  ten  inches 
in  length,  run  a  short  strap  through  one  of 
the  end  links,  and  buckle  it  around  the  foot 
above  the  fetlock.  When  the  horse  attempts 
to  paw  or  kick,  the  chaiu  rattles  against  the 
the  foot,  and  prevents  a  repetition  of  the 
practice. 


56 


TEE  HO  BSE  EL  TIG  AT  OB, 


A  NEW  METHOD  OF  BREAKING  A 
KICKER. 

THROW  the  horse  (according  to  direc- 
tion previously  given)  from  ten  to  twenty 
times,  till  he  is  quiet;  strike  him  lightly 
with  your  foot,  when  down,  below  where 
the  breeching  comes,  to  tame  him,  and  cure 
him  of  being  afraid  to  be  touched  around 
the  hind  parts.  Then  let  him  up,  and  back 
him  into  the  two-wheeled  rig.  If  he  still 
continues  to  kick,  put  on  the  kicking  rig, 
as  shown  in  the  engraving. 


TEE  E0R8E  ED  UCA  TOE.  57 

When  this  rig  is  put  on,  it  punishes  the 
horse  in  the  mouth,  thus  diverting  his  at- 
tention from  his  heels. 

First,  attach  a  rope  to  the  bridle-bit  ring 
on  the  near  side,  then  pass  it  over  the  head 
through  the  off-bit  ring,  then  down  between 
his  fore  legs,  through  under  the  belly-band, 
and  fasten  to  a  pulley.  Attach  another 
rope  to  the  off  bridle-bit  ring,  over  the  head 
through  the  near  side-bit  ring;  then  pass  it 
between  the  fore  legs  to  the  pulley,  and 
fasten.  Now,  put  on  straps  above  and  be- 
low the  gambol  joint  on  each  hind  leg,  with 
a  ring  in  the  straps.  Attach  a  rope  to  the 
ring  on  the  near  hind  leg,  and  pass  it 
through  the  pulley  to  the  off'  hind  leg,  thua 
allowing  the  horse  to  walk  or  trot  in  a 
natural  position. 


TO  HARDEN  A  TENDER-MOUTHED 
HORSE. 

PLACE  the  bits  in  the  animal's  mouth 

3  low  as  possible,  not  to  have  them  drop 
5 


58  THE  HOUSE  ED  UGA  TOR. 

out,  and  drive  him  from  two  to  three  weeks 
with  the  bits  in  this  way,  and  when  they 
are  buckled  up  in  proper  place  he  is  hard- 
mouthed. 


LOLLING  THE  TONGUE. 

SOME  horses  have  the  habit  of  carrying 
the  tongue  out  of  the  side  of  the  mouth. 
This  is  generally  confined  to  a  narrow-jawed 
horse.  The  space  between  the  molar  teeth 
being  too  narrow  to  contain  the  tongue  in 
the  mouth  when  the  bit  presses  upon  it, 
without  coming  in  contact  with  the  edges 
of  the  molar  teeth.  To  prevent  this  the 
tongue  is  thrown  out  over  the  bit,  and 
hangs  from  one  side  of  the  mouth.  To 
remedy  this  defect,  take  a  common  bar-bit, 
and  drill  a  hole  on  either  side,  about  three- 
quarters  of  an  inch  from  the  centre  of  the 
upper  surface  of  the  bit ;  then  take  a  piece 
of  sole  leather,  four  inches  long  and  two 
inches  wide,  sprinkle  it  over  with  rosin  and 


THE  HORSE  EDUCATOR. 


59 


burn  it  into  the  leather.  This  renders  it 
proof  against  the  action  of  the  saliva  in  the 
mouth.  Drill  two  holes  in  the  centre  of  the 
leather,  corresponding  with  those  in  the  bit, 
and  secure  both  together  by  rivets,  so  that 
the  leather  extends  two  inches  above  the 
bit,  and  two  inches  below  it.  This,  put  in 
the  mouth,  keeps  the  tongue  down  clear  of 
the  molar  teeth,  and  prevents  the  animal 
getting  it  over  the  bit. 


Another  way  to  cure  a  horse  of  lolling 
the  tongue.  Place  on  him  the  bit  shown  in 
the  above  cut,  and  let  it  remain  on  him 
from  4  to  6  weeks. 


60  TEE  HORSE  EDUCATOR. 

HUGGING  THE  POLE. 

THIS  is  a  great  annoyance  to  the  ofher 
horse,  and  he  will  probably  learn  to  do  the 
same  thing,  not  from  imitation,  but  from 
leaning  inwards,  so  as  to  enable  him  to 
stand  against  the  other  horse,  leaning  upon 
him.  This  habit  may  be  broken  up  by  se- 
curing a  piece  of  sole  leather  to  the  pole 
upon  the  side  where  the  animal  leans,  hav- 
ing a  number-  of  tacks  driven  through  it  in 
such  a  manner  as  to  protrude  from  the 
leather  towards  the  horse. 


UGLY  TO  BRIDLE. 

SOME  horses  are  ugl}^  to  bridle,  from 
having  been  knocked,  or  roughly  handled 
about  the  head.  Horses  are  occasionally 
troubled  with  tender  ears,  and  have  some 
tenderness  about  the  mouth ;  such  animals 
refuse  to  be  bridled  from  fear  of  being  hurt ; 
nothing  but  kindness  and  careful  handling 


THE  HORSE  EJD  UGA  TOR.  61 

will  accomplish  our  purpose.  In  such  cases, 
where  the  hahit  arises  from  previous  inju- 
ries, or  from  ugliness  of  disposition,  take  a 
cord,  put  the  end  in  the  mouth,  draw  it 
tightly  and  take  a  half-hitch ;  this  confines 
the  head  and  prevents  the  animal  from  rais- 
ing it.  In  this  position  the  horse  will  allow 
you  to  put  on  and  take  off  the  bridle  at 
pleasure.  After  putting  it  on,  remove  it 
several  times,  unloose  the  cord  and  repeat 
the  bridling.  Every  time  the  animal  re- 
sists, draw  the  cord  tightly.  On  the  con- 
trar}^,  when  he  yields,  caress  him,  you  thus 
gain  his  confidence. 


LUGGERS  ON  THE  BIT, 

BUCKLE  a  pair  of  straps,  about  twelve 
inches  long,  with  a  ring  at  one  end,  and  a 
buckle  at  the  other,  to  the  check-piece,  and 
let  the  straps  pass  through  the  rings  on 
either  side  of  the  bit ;  buckle  the  lines  to 


4» 


TEE  HOUSE  ED  UGA  TOR. 


the  rings  on  these  straps,  instead  of  the 
rings  on  the  bit ;  this  forms  a  gag  similar 
to  the  French  twitch  gag,  and  is  a  powerful 
means  of  controlling  the  mouth  of  a  hard- 
pulling  horse. 


THE  JUMPING  RIG. 


BUCKLE  a  strap  to  the  fore  legs,  below      ] 


THE  HORSE  ED  U  CAT  OR.  6? 

the  knees ;  pass  it  up  under  a  surcingle,  pre- 
viously placed  around  the  body  ;  attach  the 
other  cords  to  rings  connecting  two  straps, 
one  above  and  one  below  the  gambol  joints. 
Wben  rearing  to  go  over  the  fence  it  will 
take  his  bind  feet  from  under  him,  and  set 
him  back  iu  the  field  where  he  started 
from. 


TO  CURE  A  CRIBBER. 

CUT  a  strip  of  sheepskin  with  long  wool, 
about  eight  inches  wide,  and  long  enough 
to  cover  the  front  edge  of  the  manger,  and 
tie  the  horse  in  the  stall,  so  he  cannot  crib 
anywhere  except  on  the  sheepskin.  If  this 
does  not  cure  him,  sprinkle  on  a  little  cay- 
enne pepper.  Another  remedy  is  to  take  a 
wooden  roller,  long  enough  to  reach  across 
the  stall ;  let  the  horse  eat  his  hay  and 
grain  from  the  bottom  of  the  manger,  when 


$i  TEE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOE. 

he  attempts  to  crib  he  must  inevitably  work 
on  the  roller,  which,  when  he  places  his 
teeth  to  crib,  the  roller  turns,  his  lips  come 
in  contact  with  the  roller,  and  he  is  pun- 
ished at  every  attempt,  and,  after  a  few 
trials,  becomes  satisfied,  and  will  not  again 
attempt  to  crib. 


TO  LEAD  A  HORSE  BEHIND  A  WAGON. 

TAKE  a  stout  cord,  or  small  rope,  and 
place  under  his  tail ;  cross  on  the  back,  and 
run  through  the  rings  of  the  halter ;  first 
hitch  him  to  a  post,  and  by  hitting  him 
over  tbe  nose  with  something  to  excite  him, 
make  him  pull,  which  will  satisfy  him  of 
his  useless  attempts  at  hokling  back  on  the 
halter.  You  may  then  hitch  him  to  the 
wagon,  and  you  will  find  no  further  trouble 
in  leading  him. 


THE  H0B8E  EDUCATOR.  6S 


TO  BREAK  A  HORSE  OF  KICKING  AT 
ITS  MATE  IN  A  STALL. 

PUT  on  the  Bonaparte  bridle,  with  the 
small  loop  on  the  lower  jaw,  letting  the  cord 
pass  back  to  the  hind  leg.  Attach  it  to  a 
small  ring,  fastened  around  the  leg,  with 
two  hame  straps  above  and  below  the  gam- 
bol joint. 


TO  BREAK  A  HORSE  OF  KICKING  AT 
PERSONS  ENTERING  THE  STALL. 

PUT  on  the  Bonaparte  bridle,  making  a 
loop  around  the  lower  jaw  ;  pass  it  up  over 
the  head,  and  down  through  the  loop  oa 
the  jaw.  Run  the  cord  through  a  small 
ring,  fastened  by  means  of  a  staple,  to  the 
side  of  the  stall,  a  little  back  of  the  horse's 


66  THE  HOUSE  ED  UGA  TOR. 

head.  Pass  the  cord  back  to  another  ring 
fastened  in  the  side  of  the  front  of  the  stall. 
When  you  enter  the  stall  pull  on  this  rope, 
and,  at  the  same  time,  say,  "go  over."  The 
head  of  the  horse  will  be  thus  drawn  to- 
wards you,  and  his  heels  must  go  to  the 
other  side  of  the  stall.  Most  horses  will  be 
broken  of  this  very  dangerous  habit  in  two 
or  three  lessons. 


TO    PREVENT  A  HORSE    FROM    GET- 
TING CAST   IN  THE  STALL. 

FASTEN  a  little  pulley  at  the  side  of  the 
stall,  near  the  ceiling,  and  over  the  manger. 
Pass  a  small  cord  through  the  pulley,  and  to 
the  end  attach  a  weight  of  one  pound.  In 
the  centre  of  the  stall  drive  a  ring  and  staple 
in  the  ceiling ;  pass  the  other  end  of  the  cord 
through  the  ring,  and  attach  it  to  the 
horse's  head,  giving  him  oats  on  the  floor ; 
draw  the  cord  tight,  and  tie  it  to  a  small 


THE  ^pESE  ED TTCATOR.  67 

ring  fastened  in  the  top  of  the  halter  for 
this  purpose.  The  horse  can  now  lie  down, 
hut  cannot  get  the  top  of  his  head  to  the 
floor,  and  if  he  cannot  get  the  top  of  his 
head  to  the  floor,  he  cannot  roll,  and  if  he 
cannot  roll,  he  cannot  get  cast. 


THE  HORSE  EDUgATOB. 


A  HORSE  BAD  TO  SHOE. 

IlIE  habit  of  resistance  to  being  shod, 
•'I  or  allowing  the  feet  to  be  handled, 
like  all  others  to  which  horses  are  subject, 
is  the  result  of  careless  and  imprudent  man- 
agement. It  would  seem,  from  the  reckless 
disregard  of  consequences  so  generally 
evinced  in  handling  young  horses,  as  though 
man  doubted  his  own  reason,  and  would 
not  take  counsel  of  the  teachings  of  pru- 
dence. If  the  feet  had  been  handled  gently 
at  first  (as  I  have  directed),  and  blacksmiths 
had  not  vented  so  much  of  their  impatience 
in  the  way  of  pounding  w^ith  the  hammer 
for  every  little  movement  or  resistance  in 
shoeing,  this  habit  would  never  have  been 
contracted.  The  natural  tractability  of  the 
horse  causes  him  to  yield  a  ready  obedience 
to  all  reasonable  demands,  that  he  conjpre- 
hends.  If  the  feet  are  jerked  up  roughly, 
and  without  an  effort  to  reconcile  him  to 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCATOR.  69 

being  handled,  the  colt  will  strive  to  get 
away,  or  free  himself  from  what  he  supposes 
will  hurt  him.  [N'ever  hold  to  the  foot  with 
all  your  might,  when  the  colt  is  trying  to 
jerk  away,  for,  in  such  a  case,  strength  is 
not  your  forte,  and  your  struggles  only  con- 
vince the  horse  of  your  weakness.  Handle 
the  horse  in  conformity  with  the  laws  of 
his  nature,  so  as  not  to  excite  resistance 
through  fear  of  injury.  If  the  horse  does 
not  very  much  resist  the  handling  of  his 
feet,  put  the  Camanche  bridle  on  him,  and 
put  a  short  strap  on  his  hind  foot.  Pulling 
upon  the  strap  will  bring  the  foot  forward, 
and  he  will  probably  resist  by  kicking. 
The  instant  he  kicks,  reprove  him  with  the 
bridle,  which  is  held  in  the  other  hand,  and 
so  continue  until  the  foot  can  be  held  with- 
out resistance.  But,  if  your  subject  is  very 
bad,  take  a  strap  or  rope,  about  twelve  feet 
long,  and  tie  one  end  of  it  in  a  loop  around 
his  neck,  where  the  collar  rests ;  pass  the 
other  end  back  between  the  fore  legs,  and 
around  the  near  hind  leg,  below  the  fetlock, 
thence  back  between  the  legs,  and  through 


TO  THE  HORSE  ED  UCATOB. 

the  loop  around  the  neck.  !N'ow  step  in 
front  of  the  horse,  and  take  a  firm  hold  of 
the  rope  or  strap,  and  give  a  quick  pull  on 
it,  which  will  bring  the  foot  forward  ;  pull 
the  foot  as  far  forward  as  you  can,  which 
will  give  jou  the  more  advantage.  The 
horse  will  try  to  free  the  foot  by  kicking. 
Hold  the  head  firmly  with  the  left  hand, 
and  with  the  other  hold  the  strap  firmly. 
Stand  right  up  to  the  horse's  shoulder,  and 
whirl  him  about  you,  Avhich  you  can  easily 
do  while  he  struggles  to  free  himself.  As 
soon  as  he  yields,  handle  the  foot  gently, 
and  then  let  up  on  it  a  little,  and  so  con- 
tinue till  he  will  let  you  handle  the  foot 
without  resistance.  It  may  be  necessary  to 
repeat  the  lesson  once  or  twice,  and  be  care- 
ful to  handle  the  foot  with  the  greatest 
gentleness.  If  the  rope  is  rough,  put  a  col- 
lar on  the  neck  instead  of  the  loop,  and 
fasten  your  strap  to  it.  Use  a  smooth,  soft 
strap,  so  as  not  to  chafe  the  foot  where  it 
passes  around  it. 


THE  E0B3E  ED  UGATOB.  71 


SHOEING. 

IF  we  examine  the  horse's  feet  in  their 
natural  state,  they  will  be  found  to  be 
almo3t  round  and  very  elastic  at  the  heel, 
the  frog  broad,  plump,  and  of  a  soft,  yield- 
ing nature ;  the  commissures  open  and  well 
defined,  the  sole  concave,  the  outside  crust 
from  the  heel  to  the  toe  increased  from  a 
slight  bevel  to  an  angle  of  forty-five  degrees ; 
consequently,  as  the  foot  grows,  it  becomes 
wider  and  longer  in  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  horn  secreted,  and  narrower  and 
shorter  in  proportion  to  the  ground-surface. 
If  a  shoe  were  fitted  nicely  and  accurately 
to  the  foot  after  being  dressed  down  well, 
it  would  be  found  too  narrow  and  short  for 
the  same  foot,  after  the  lapse  of  a  few  weeks. 
If  any  unyielding  shoe  of  iron  is  nailed 
firmly  to  this  naturally  enlarging  and  elas- 
tic hoof,  it  prevents  its  natural  freedom  of 
expansion    almost  wholly,  and    does    not 


12  THE  HORSE  ED  VGA  TOB. 

allow  the  foot  to  grow  wider  at  the  quar- 
ters as  it  grows  down,  in  proportion  to  the 
amount  of  horn  grown  as  before  shod ;  con- 
sequently the  foot  is  changed  by  the  con- 
tinued restraint  of  the  shoe,  from  a  nearly 
round,  healthy  foot,  to  a  contracted  and 
unhealthy  condition,  as  generally  seen  in 
horses  shod  for  a  few  years. 

The  principles  which  govern  in  shoeing 
are  few  and  simple,  and  it  is  surprising, 
considering  the  serious  results  involved,  that 
it  should  be  done  with  so  little  considera- 
tion. The  object  of  the  shoer,  in  trimming 
and  preparing  the  hoof  for  the  shoe,  should 
be  to  keep  the  foot  natural,  and  this  in- 
volves, first,  the  cutting  away  of  any  undue 
accumulation  of  horn,  affecting  in  the  least 
its  health  and  freedom  ;  second,  to  carry  out 
in  the  shape  of  the  shoe  that  of  the  foot,  as 
nearly  as  possible;  third,  to  fit  and  fasten 
the  shoe  to  the  foot,  so  as  least  to  interfere 
with  its  health,  growth,  and  elasticity. 

The  preparation  of  the  foot  requires  the 
cutting  away  of  about  the  proportion  of 
horn,  which,  coming  in  contact  with  the 


THE  HORSE  EBUGATOB.  73 

ground,  would  have  worn  off,  or  which  has 
accumulated  since  being  last  shod;  if  the 
shoes  have  been  on  a  month,  the  proportion 
of  horn  secreted  in  that  time  is  to  be  re- 
moved ;  if  two  months,  thei]  the  proportion 
of  two  months'  growth.  ISTo  definite  rule 
can  be  given,  the  judgment  must  be  gov- 
erned by  the  circumstances  of  the  case;  the 
stronger  and  more  rapid  the  growth  of  the 
foot,  the  more  must  be  cut  away;  and  the 
weaker  and  the  less  horn  produced,  the  less, 
to  the  extent  of  simply  leveling  the  crust  a 
little,  the  better  to  conform  to  the  shoe; 
there  is  generally  a  far  more  rapid  growth 
of  horn  at  the  toe  than  at  the  heels  or 
quarters;  more  will  be  required  to  be  taken 
off  there  than  of  the  other  parts ;  therefore 
shorten  the  toe,  and  lower  the  heels,  until 
you  succeed  in  bringing  down  the  bearing- 
surface  of  the  hoof  upon  the  shoe  to  almost 
a  level  with  the  live-horn  of  the  sole.  Ee 
careful  to  make  the  heels  level;  having 
lowered  the  crust  to  the  necessary  extent, 
smooth  it  down  level  with  the  rasp,  the  sole 
and  frog  detach  by  exfoliation,  as  it  becomes 


74  THE  HORSE  EDUCATOR. 

superabnudant.  The  sole  would  not  need 
paring,  were  it  not  for  the  restraining  effect 
of  the  shoe  upon  the  general  function  of  the 
foot,  which  is  Hable  to  prevent  such  detach- 
ment of  the  horn.  The  cutting  away  of  the 
bars  to  give  the  heels  an  open  appearance  is 
inexcusable,  and  should  never  be  done.  In 
a  natural  healthy  condition,  the  frog  has  a 
line  of  bearing  with  the  hoof,  and  by  its 
elastic  nature  acts  as  a  safeguard  to  the 
delicate  machinery  of  the  foot  immediately 
over  it,  and  helps  to  preserve  the  foot  in  its 
natural  state,  by  keeping  the  heel  spread. 
It  seems  to  be  wisely  intended  to  give  life 
and  health  to  the  foot.  Permitting  the 
heels  to  grow  down,  w^ith  the  addition  of 
high-heeled  shoes,  raises  the  frog  from  its 
natural  position,  and  causes  it  to  shrink  and 
harden ;  and  bears,  in  consequence,  an  im- 
portant influence  in  setting  up  a  diseased 
action,  that  usually  results  in  contraction  of 
the  foot.  If  the  heels  are  square  and  high, 
and  the  hoof  presents  rather  a  long,  narrow 
appearance,  and  is  hollow  on  the  bottom, 
there  is  a  state  of  contraction  going  on,  and 


TEE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR.  75 

you  must  not  hesitate  to  dress  down  thor- 
oughly. Do  not  hesitate  because  the  hoof 
appears  snialL  Cut  away  until  you  are  well 
down  to  a  level  with  the  live-horn  of  the 
sole,  and  if  the  foot  is  weak,  use  the  same 
prudence  in  not  cutting  it  away  too  much. 
The  shoer  must  always  hear  in  mind  that 
the  sole  must  not  rest  on  the  shoe.  Let  the 
foot  be  so  dressed  down,  and  the  shoe  so 
approximate,  that  the  bearing  will  come 
evenly  upon  the  crust  all  the  way  around, 
without  the  sole  touching  the  shoe.  This 
requires  the  crust  to  be  dressed  down  level, 
and,  although  w^ell  down  to  the  live-horn  of 
the  sole,  it  should  always  be  left  a  little 
hio'her.  The  corners  between  the  bars  and 
crust  should  be  well  pared  out,  so  there  is 
no  danger  of  the  sole  resting  on  the  shoe, 
which  is  our  next  consideration. 


)I1K, 


76  TEE  E0B8E  ED  UCATOR 


THE   SHOE. 

)HE  main  object  should  be  to  have  the 
shoe  so  formed  as  to  size,  weight,  fit- 
ting, and  fastening,  as  to  combine  the  most 
advantages  of  protection,  and  preserve  the 
natural  tread  of  the  foot  the  best.  In 
weight,  it  should  be  proportioned  to  the 
work  or  employment  of  the  horse.  The 
foot  should  not  be  loaded  with  more  iron 
than  is  necessary  to  preserve  it.  If  the 
work  of  the  horse  is  principally  on  the  road, 
at  heavj^  draught,  the  shoe  should  be  rather 
heavy,  in  order  that  it  may  not  be  bent  by 
contact  with  hard,  uneven  earth;  it  should 
be  wide  in  the  web,  and  of  equal  thickness 
and  width  from  the  toe  to  the  heel,  that  it 
may  as  much  as  possible  protect  the  sole, 
without  altering  the  natural  position  of  the 
foot;  it  should  be  well  drawn  in  at  the 
heels,  that  it  may  rest  on  the  bars,  thereby 
protecting  the  corn  place,  or  angles  between 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOIi.  77 

the  bar  and  crust,  and  should  in  no  part 
extend  beyond  the  outer  edge  of  the  crust. 
It  is  too  often  the  case  that  the  shoe 
is  made  according  to  the  smith's  notions  of 
what  the  form  of  the  horse's  foot  should  be, 
and  the  foot  is  pared,  burned,  and  rasped 
until  it  fits  the  shoe.  Now,  it  should 
always  be  borne  in  mind  that  the  slioe  is 
intended  for  the  foot,  and  not  the  foot  for 
the  shoe,  and  that  it  is  therefore  peculiarly 
proper  to  make  the  shoe  fi.t  the  natural  form 
of  the  foot.  It  is  impossible  to  liave  the 
foot  of  a  horse  sound  and  safe,  for  work  and 
use,  after  bringing  it  to  an  unnatural  figure, 
by  the  use  of  the  knife  and  rasp.  The  foot 
of  the  horse  being  elastic,  it  expands  to  the 
weight  of  the  horse,  in  precisely  the  same 
degree,  Avhether  resting  upon  the  most  open 
or  the  most  contracted  shoe.  Therefore, 
the  shape  of  the  shoe  cannot  possibly  affect 
the  slia[)e  of  the  foot.  The  form  of  the  foot 
is  determined  by  the  situation  of  the  nails. 
If  the  nails  are  placed  so  that  the  inside 
quarters  and  heels  are  left  free  to  expand  in 
a  natural  manner,  no  shape  which  we  can 


78  THE  HORSE  ED UGA TOR. 

give  to  the  shoe  can  of  itself  change  the 
form  of  the  foot.  It  must  not  be  inferred, 
however,  from  this  that  the  shape  of  the 
shoe  is  of  no  importance ;  quite  the  contrary 
beiug  the  case,  as  I  have  ah-ead}'  shown. 
In  forming  the  slioe,  we  should  always 
adopt  that  which  produces  the  greatest 
number  of  advantages  with  the  fewest  dis- 
advantages. 

We  find  that  the  sole-surface  of  the  foot 
is  by  nature  concave  in  form,  which  seems 
to  offer  the  greatest  fulcrum  of  resistance 
to  the  horse  when  travelling.  It  is  im- 
portant to  preserve  the  natural  mechanical 
action  of  the  horn  and  sole;  therefore  the 
ground  surface  of  the  foot,  that  is  to  say, 
the  ground  surface  of  the  shoe,  siiould  be 
leveled  cup  fashion ;  its  outer  edge  being 
prominent,  corresponds  to  the  lower  and 
outer  rim  of  the  hoof;  while  the  shoe  being 
hollow,  resembles  the  natural  cavity  of  the 
sole  of  the  foot.  The  ground  surface  of  the 
shoe  should  always  be  concave. 

The  pattern  that  nature  has  presented  us 
in  making  the  sole  concave,  cannot  be  im- 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR.  79 

proved  upon  by  the  smith,  with  all  his 
skill.  The  expansion  of  the  heels,  and 
growth  of  the  foot,  require  that  the  shoe 
should  be  long  enough,  and  wide  enough 
at  the  heels,  to  allow  for  the  natural  growth 
of  the  foot  in  the  time  it  is  calculated  the 
shoe  should  be  on  before  being  reset;  for  as 
the  foot  enlarges,  the  shoe  is  brought  for- 
ward until  it  loses  its  original  proportion, 
and  becomes  too  short  and  narrow.  The 
shoe  may  be  about  a  quarter  of  an  inch 
wider  and  lono-er  than  the  extreme  bearins: 
of  the  heels ;  and  the  nail  holes  should  be 
punched  coarse  and  in  the  centre  of  the 
web.  The  manner  of  fastening  the  shoe  is 
what  really  affects  the  foot,  and  what  re- 
quires the  most  special  attention  in  shoeing; 
for  the  foot,  being  elastic,  expands  in  the 
same  proportion  on  the  rough  as  on  the 
nicely-fitted  shoe.  It  is  the  number  and 
position  of  the  nails  that  really  affect  the 
foot.  If  they  are  placed  well  back  in  the 
quarters,  four  on  a  side,  as  is  common,  the 
crust  is  held  as  firmly  to  this  unyielding 
shoe  as  if  in  a  vice,  which  utterly  prevents 


80  THE  EOBSE  EB  TIG  A  TOR. 

the  free  action  necessary  to  its  health.  In- 
flammation is  produced,  which  causes  con- 
traction and  the  consequent  derangement 
of  the  whole  foot.  If  the  free,  natural  ex- 
pansion of  the  foot,  and  the  spreading  of 
the  quarters  in  proportion  to  the  growth  of 
the  hoof  is  prevented  by  the  nailing  of  the 
shoe,  irritation  of  the  fleshy  substance  be- 
tween the  crust  and  coffin-bone  will  result, 
and  ultimately  create  so  much  diseased 
action  of  the  parts  as  to  cause  contraction 
and  nervicular  disease.  Shoes  xmxj  be  fast- 
ened without  causing  such  mischief,  if  the 
followino;  method  of  nailins:  is  observed. 

In  experimenting,  for  the  purpQse  of  as- 
certainino;  how  few  nails  are  absolutely  ne- 
cessary,  under  ordinary  circumstances,  for 
retaining  the  shoe  securely  in  its  place 
as  long  as  it  should  remain  upon  the 
foot,  it  has  been  satisfactorily  established 
that  five  nails  are  amply  sufficient  for  the 
fore  shoes,  and  seven  for  the  hind  ones, 
three  should  be  placed  on  the  outside  of  the 
foot,  and  two  on  the  inner  side,  near  the 
toe,  thereby  leaving  the  foot  free  to  expand 


THE  E0B8E  ED  UCA  TOK  81 

In  a  natural  manner.  The  nails  should  not 
be  driven  high  up  in  the  crust,  but  brought 
out  as  soon  as  possible.  Another  mistake 
with  most  smiths  is  in  rasping  the  clinches 
away  too  fine ;  they  should  be  turned  broad 
and  flat.  It  is  also  a  custom  with  some  to 
rasp  and  sandpaper  the  whole  surface  of  the 
hoof,  for  the  purpose  of  making  it  look  nice 
and  smooth.  Such  a  practice  should  never 
be  tolerated,  the  covering  thus  removed  is 
provided  by  nature  to  protect  the  too  rapid 
evaporation  of  the  moisture  of  the  hoof,  and 
when  taken  away,  causes  the  horn  to  be- 
come dry  and  brittle.  It  has  so  long  been 
customary  to  use  as  many  nails  as  could  be 
conveniently  driven,  in  fact,  of  fastening 
the  shoe  as  if  it  w^ere  to  a  lifeless  block  of 
wood,  that  the  fear  is  very  commonly  enter- 
tained that  the  shoe  will  not  be  held  in  its 
place  with  so  few  nails.  Such  fears  are  ut- 
terly groundless,  as  both  theory  and  prac- 
tice demonstrate.  If  the  presence  of  a  nail 
in  the  crust  were  a  matter  of  no  moment, 
and  two  or  three  more  than  are  really  ne- 
cessary were  merely  useless,  no  great  reason 


83  THE  nOBSE  EB  UGA  TOR. 

would  exist  for  condemning  the  common 
practice  of  using  too  many  nails,  but  it  is 
far  otherwise  ;  the  nails,  aside  from  confin- 
ing the  natural  expansion  of  the  hoof,  sepa- 
rate the  fibres  of  the  horn,  which  never,  by 
any  chance,  become  united  again,  but  con- 
tinue apart  and  unclosed,  until,  by  degrees, 
they  grow  down  with  the  rest  of  the  hoof, 
and  are  finally,  after  repeated  shoeing,  re- 
moved by  the  knife. 

As  these  holes  cannot  possibly  grow  down 
and  be  removed  under  three  shoeings,  it  will 
be  found,  even  with  a  small  number  of  nails, 
that  three  times  that  number  of  holes  must 
exist  in  the  hoof  all  the  w' bile ;  and  as  they 
are  often,  from  various  causes,  extended  into 
each  other,  they  necessarily  keep  it  in  a 
brittle,  unhealthy  state,  and  materially  in- 
terfere with  the  future  nail-hold.  As  the 
position  of  the  hind  foot,  and  the  nature  of 
its  office,  render  it  less  liable  to  injury  than 
the  fore  foot,  consequently  it  less  frequently 
lames ;  however,  disease  of  the  nervicular 
bone  of  this  foot  is  by  no  means  impossible. 
The  same  care  should  be  taken  as  wdth  the 


THE  HO  USE  ED  UCA  TOE.  83 

fore  foot.  Calks,  although  they  may  be 
turned  down  of  perfectly  even  length  on 
each  side  (which  is  seldom  done),  are  objec- 
tionable appendages,  and  should  be  dis- 
pensed with,  except,  perhaps,  for  very  heavy 
draughts,  or  when  the  roads  are  frozen  or 
covered  with  ice. 


TO  PREVENT  INTERFERING. 

TFIEAIOYE  the  portion  of  crust  that  hits 
the  ankle,  and  have  the  shoe  set  well  under 
th<>  foot. 

The  hoof  should  be  lowest  on  the  outside, 
to  turn  the  ankle,  that  the  other  hoof  may 
pass  clear.  The  shoe  should  be  light,  and 
of  narrow  web,  with  only  two  nail  holes  on 
the  inside,  and  those  near  the  toe. 


84  THE  HOUSE  ED  UCATOK 


OVERREACHING. 

YOTJ^N'G-  horses  are  more  subject  to  over- 
reaching than  old  ones.  It  very  frequently 
disappears  as  the  speed  of  the  animal  is 
increased.  At  a  moderate  gait,  the  front 
feet  do  not  always  get  out  of  the  way  in 
time  for  the  hind  ones,  as  they  are  brought 
forward.  Sometimes  the  heels  are  cut  or 
bruised  badly,  and  occasionally  the  shoes 
are  torn  from  the  front  feet.  To  prevent 
this,  have  the  front  shoes  a  little  lighter, 
the  animal  lifts  them  up  more  quickly.  The 
hind  shoes  made  a  little  heavier,  causes  him 
to  lift  th-em  more  slowly,  and  the  difficult} 
is  at  once  removed. 


TO  CURE  CORNS. 


CUT  the  horn  well  down,  but  not  to  the 
quick,  fit  the  shoe  so  that  it  will  not  press 


THE  HORSE  ED UCATOR.  85 

upon  the  part,  then  saturate  well  with  pine 
sap  or  gum,  which  is  found  exuding  from 
pine  trees  when  cut.  Fill  the  part  in  nicely 
with  tow,  and  put  on  the  shoe,  which  must 
be  so  fitted  as  not  to  oblige  the  part  to  sup- 
port, but  very  slightly,  if  any,  the  weight 
of  the  horse.  Horses  with  corns  must  be 
oftener  and  more  carefully  shod  than  those 
free  from  them. 


TO  TELL  A  HORSE'S  AGE. 

THERE  is  only  one  sure  way  of  telling 
the  age  of  a  horse,  and  that  is  by  an  exam- 
ination of  his  teeth,  and  that  only  extends 
to  a  certain  age,  although  an  experienced 
horseman  can  guess  very  nearly  for  some 
time  after  that  period.  There  are  six  teeth 
in  the  front  part  of  a  horse's  mouth,  above 
and  below,  called  the  gatherers,  from  which 
we  may  judge  of  his  age.  When  a  colt  is 
foaled,  he  generally  has  no  teeth  in  the 


m  THE  HO  BSE  ED  UCA  TOM. 

front  part  of  bis  mouth.  In  a  few  days, 
two  come  in  the  upper  jaw,  and  two  below ; 
and  again,  after  a  few  days,  four  more  ap- 
pear, but  the  corner  teeth  do  not  make  their 
appearance  until  he  is  four  or  five  months 
old  ;  these  twelve  teeth  remain  unchanged 
in  the  front  of  the  colt's  mouth  until  he  is 
about  two  years  old,  when  he  sheds  the  two 
centre  nippers. 

At  three  years  old,  a  colt  sheds  the  ad- 
joining teeth.  At  four  years  old,  the  under 
or  corner  teeth.  At  five  j-ears  old,  the  bri- 
dle tooth  makes  its  a2:)pearance.  At  six 
years  old,  the  cups  leave  the  two  centre 
teeth  below.  At  seven  years  old,  the  cups 
leave  the  adjoining  teeth.  At  eigbt  years 
old,  the  cups  leave  the  outer  or  corner  teeth. 
At  nine  years  old,  the  cups  leave  the  two 
centre  nippers,  above.  At  ten  years  old, 
the  cups  leave  the  adjoining  teeth.  At 
eleven  years  old,  the  cups  leave  the  corner 
upper  teeth.  At  twelve  years,  or  past,  the 
groove  in  inside  of  the  bridle  tooth  disap- 
pears in  a  horse.  Mares  very  seldom  have 
them. 


TEE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOR.  87 


TRICKS. 

^S  so  many  have  expressed  a  desire  to 
know  how  to  teach  their  liorses  tricks, 
we  have  thought  proper  to  explain  how  it 
can  be  done.  Teaching  a  yoang  horse  a 
few  tricks,  makes  him  appear  intelligent, 
and  also  serves  to  keep  up  an  interest  in 
him.  It  requires  but  two  or  three  lessons 
a  day,  of  half  or  three-quarters  of  an  hour 
each,  to  accomplish  anything  you  may  desire. 


TO  TEACH  A  HORSE  TO  COME,  AT 
THE  CRACK  OF  THE  WHIP. 

ALL  that  is  necessary  to  accomplish  this, 
is  to  proceed  precisely  in  the  same  manner 
as  when  giving  the  colt  his  first  lesson. 
After  having  put  on  the  war  bridle,  the 
cord  should  be  three  or  four  times  as  long; 


as  THE  HOUSE  ED  UCATOR. 

then  let  him  off  the  length  of  it,  and  if  he 
does  not  come  immediately  after  the  crack 
of  the  whip  and  word,  give  him  a  little 
j  erk.  When  he  comes  to  you,  always  re- 
ward him  by  giving  him  sugar  or  apples. 
He  will  soon  get  so  that  you  can  at  any 
time  call  him  to  you. 


HOW  TO  TEACH  A  HORSE  TO  LAUGH. 

PRICK  him  with  a  pin  on  the  nose  till 
he  turns  his  lip  up;  then  caress  him  well. 
He  will  soon  learn  that  when  you  point  to- 
wards him  and  say,  "laugh,"  that  it  means 
a  prick  in  the  nose,  if  he  does  not  turn  his 
lip  up. 


TO  SHAKE  HANDS. 


THIS  is  easily  accomplished,  by  tying  a 
short  strap  or  piece  of  cord  to  the  forward 


TUE  HOUSE  ED  UGA TOR,  89 

foot  below  the  fetlock;  then  stand  directly 
in  front  of  the  horse,  and  hold  the  end  of 
the  strap  in  your  hand,  and  say,  "shake 
hands,  sir."  After  which  pull  immediately 
upon  the  strap,  which  will  bring  his  foot 
forward,  and  wLich  you  are  to  accept  as 
shaking  hands;  then,  of  course,  you  must 
caress  and  feed  him,  and  keep  him  repeat- 
ing, until  when  you  make  the  demand  he 
will  bring  the  foot  forward  in  anticipation 
of  having  it  pulled  up. 


HOW  TO  MAKE  A  HORSE  WALTZ. 

TIE  his  head  to  his  side,  by  means  of  a 
surcingle  and  cord,  fastening  the  cord  at 
the  side,  reaching  from  {he  mouth  ;  touch 
him  lightly  with  the  whip.  He  has  to  go, 
and,  of  course,  he  must  go  around  and 
around.  lie  soon  learns  perfectly  to  waltz 
by  the  motion  ot  the  whip,  the  teacher  still 
repeating  the  word  "  waltz." 
7 


90  THE  EOnaE  ED  UCATOB, 


HOW  TO  MAKE  A  TRICKY  HORSE 
KISS  YOU. 


FIRST,  teach  him  to  bite  at  you  by 
stinging  him  in  the  shoulder  with  a  pin; 
thus  when  you  go  to  sting  him,  to  save 
himself  he  will  put  around  his  head.  Have 
a  piece  of  apple  in  your  hand,  put  it  up  to 
your  mouth,  and  he  will  soon  learn  that  the 
words  "  kiss  me"  mean  an  apple  for  him  in 
your  mouth.  This  gives  the  horse  the  idea, 
so  he  will  kiss  you  at  command,  by  your 
makinoc  a  slight  backward  motion  of  the 
head. 


HOW  TO  MAKE  A  HORSE  TO  GO  LAME. 

TAP  him  on  the  fore  leg  till  he  holds  it 
up,  then  caress  him  kindly ;  lead  him  with 
the  left  hand  to  the  bit,  and  tap  the  left 
fore  leg  with  a  stick  in  your  right  hand; 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCATOR.  91 

repeat  the  word  lame^  lame,  lame,  and  your 
horse  will  soon  learn  to  hold  up  one  leg  at 
the  command. 


HOW  TO  MAKE  A  HORSE  BOW. 

PRICK  him  in  the  back  with  a  pin,  till 
he  throws  his  head  up  and  down  the  least 
bit;  then  take  the  pin  away,  and  caress 
him  kindly;  repeat  for  a  few  times,  until 
when  you  stand  back  and  attract  his  atten- 
tion he  will  nod  his  head,  expecting  a  prick 
in  the  back. 


HOW  TO  MAKE   A   HORSE  SAY  "NO." 

PRICK  him  on  the  neck  till  he  shakes 
his  head,  then  remove  the  pin,  caress  him, 
repeat  for  a  while,  and  your  horse  will  soon 
shake  his  head  when  you  raise  your  hand 
to  your  heart;  be  always  sure  to  treat  the 


n  THE  EOBSE  EDUCATOB. 

animal  kindly  for  well  doing,  and  caress 
him  when  lie  deserves  it,  and  he  will  repay 
you  hy  his  love  for  you  and  willingness  to 
do  your  bidding. 


HOW  TO  MAKE  A  HORSE   WALK  UP. 

FIRST  put  a  rope  around  his  neck,  bring 
it  down  through  his  mouth,  back  through 
the  loop  on  the  neck,  jerk  him  till  he  raises 
his  fore  feet  the  least  bit,  then  stop  and 
caress  him ;  then  check  him  up  tight  to  a 
surcingle — from  the  bit  to  the  side  ring  is 
the  better  way ;  then  jerk  on  the  cord,  and 
he  will  soon  get  up  erect;  repeat,  still 
caressing  him  well  for  all  he  does ;  he  will 
soon  get  up  at  the  motion  of  the  whip. 
You  should,  when  practising  him,  repeat 
the  words,  "get  up,  sir!"  It  is  in  this 
manner  I  taught  Tom  Thumb  to  go  up  and 
down  stairs,  and  to  perform  on  the  stage  in 
different  places,  affording  amusement  to 
thousands  of  witnesses. 


THE  E0B8E  ED  UOATOB.  93 


HOW  TO  MAKE  A  HORSE  GET  UP  ON 
A  BOX. 

FIRST,  raise  the  right  foot  to  the  box, 
hold  it  with  your  left  hand,  placing  your 
right  hand  around  the  horse's  left  knee,  pull 
hard;  this  throws  the  weight  of  the  horse 
on  his  right  leg,  and  he  has  got  to  come  up; 
repeat  a  few  times,  and  he  will  learn  it  per- 
fectly. 


TEE  HORSE  EDUCATOR, 


TRAINING   STEERS. 

||RIYE  your  steer  in  a  small  yard, 
^^  fenced  so  that  he  cannot  escape.  Then 
approach  him  gently,  and  if  he  runs,  do  not 
run  after  him,  but  follow  slowly  and  quietly. 
Should  he  again  run  from  you,  do  not  strike 
him  with  the  whip,  or  in  any  way  frighten 
him,  he  will  soon  stand  and  permit  you  to  ap- 
proach him.  Place  then  around  his  body  a 
surcingle  or  strap,  near  the  fore  legs.  Take 
a  hame  strap  and  buckle  around  the  near 
fore  foot ;  take  a  cord  or  rope,  and  pass  it 
through  under  the  surcingle,  and  tie  to  the 
strap  which  is  around  the  foot.  The  cord 
should  be  twenty  or  thirty  feet  long,  to 
permit  him  to  run  about  you  in  the  yard, 
without  your  pulling  on  it.  Draw  up  on 
the  rope  to  force  him  to  move  on  three  legs  ; 
approach  him  gently,  till  he  will  permit 
you  to  handle  him  as  you  please.  Then  hold 
up  the  near  fore  foot  by  the  cord,  with  your 


THE  HORSE  EDUCATOR.  95 

left   hand,  and   holding   the  whip  in  your 
right,  pass  it  over  his  shoulder,  and  quietly 
touch  him  on  the  off  side  of  his  head,  and 
at    the   same   time,  say,  "haw!"  continue 
thus  till  he  moves  his  head  towards  you,  for 
which  caress  him  about  the  head  and  neck ; 
repeat  this  till  he  will  haw  at  the  word,  to- 
wards you.    Should  he  attempt  to  run  from 
you,  pull  on  the  strap,  say,  haw^  at  the  same 
time  touch  him  on  the  head  with  the  whip. 
He  will  soon  learn  to  stop  at  the  word  of 
command,  in   this  waj^,  and   turn   towards 
you  readily.     Then   take  off  the   rig   and 
turn   him   loose.     Then   proceed  with  the 
mate  in  the  same  way,  when  you  can  turn 
it  out,  and  by  this  time  the  other  steer  will 
be  ready  to  receive  another  lesson.     Drive 
it  in  the  same  yard,  and  repeat  the  lesson 
with  a  whip.     Quietly  touch  on  the  near 
side  of  the  head,  and,  at  the  same  time,  say, 
"geel"  until   he   w^ill   move   around  from 
you.     Then  caress  him,  till  he  will  gee  or 
haio  readily.     Go  through  the  same  lesson 
with  the  other.     That  is  all  you  should  try 
to  do  with  them  in  four  hours'  time.     Take 


96  THE  E0B8E  EDUGATOB, 

both  together  in  the  yard ;  repeat  this  les- 
son till  both  understand  what  you  desire 
of  them.  Take  ooe  of  them  near  the  wall ; 
stand  by  his  side ;  hit  him  gently  on  the 
head,  at  the  same  time  say  "back!"  till  he 
will  step  back;  then  caress  him.  Eepeat, 
till  he  will  go  back  readily  at  the  word. 
Give  each  the  same  lesson.  This  manner 
of  training  steers  will  make  them  always 
do  your  bidding.  "When  convenient,  re- 
peat the  above  lessons,  with  both  together. 
Then  put  on  the  yoke,  and  let  them  go. 
One  hour,  at  first,  is  long  enough  to  become 
accustomed  to  the  restraint  of  the  yoke. 
Eepeat  this  in  the  yard. 

If  the  steers  should  ever  run  from  you, 
which  often  occurs  in  an  ordinary  method 
of  training,  buckle  a  hame  strap  around  the 
foot,  bring  it  up  through  the  surcingle  back 
to  the  sled  or  wagon,  between  the  steers. 
Let  the  man  pull  on  the  cord  if  they  at- 
tempt to  run  away ;  this  will  pull  up  their 
feet ;  whip  them  over  the  head,  which  will 
stop  them  and  break  up  the  habit. 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCATOR,  97 


TO  EDUCATE  DOGS. 

^^^E  find  dogs  to  be  more  easily  edu- 
^1^^  cated  than  any  other  animal,  and 
if  kindly  treated,  is  a  willing  and  faithful 
servant  to  man;  but  if  abused,  will  usually 
become  cross  and  ugly.  The  dog,  being 
naturally  a  companion  to  mankind,  it  be- 
comes a  duty  to  educate  him,  so  that  he 
will  give  credit  to  his  trainer,  and  making 
him  an  agreeable  and  useful  assistant  to  his 
owner.  Judgment  will  be  required  to  teach 
the  dog  to  that  w^hich  he  is  best  adapted  by 
nature:  for  instance,  a  Terrier  will  catch 
rats,  and  Setters  naturally  scent  birds;  be 
careful,  therefore,  in  not  urging  upon  them 
the  performance  of  any  tricks  which  are 
not  in  their  nature  to  do. 

TO  EDUCATE  THE  SHEPHEK^  DOG  TO  DRIVE, 

Commence  with  the  dog  at  the  age  of 
three  months,  in  some  secluded  place,  hear- 
ing no  words  intended  to  guide  him  except 


98  TEE  E0B8E  ED  UCA TOE. 

his  owu  name;  he  should  know  nothing  of 
ordinary  words  in  use  towards  dogs,  and 
should  not  have  been  handled  by  persons. 
The  first  thing  to  teach  him  is  to  lead, 
placing  a  string  around  his  neck,  four  or 
five  feet  long,  in  such  manner  as  not  to  hurt 
him;  stand  still,  and  hold  upon  the  cord 
till  he  ceases  struggling  to  get  away.  One 
lesson  should  be  given  each  day.  The  first 
lesson  should  be  given  to  let  him  know  he 
cannot  get  away,  and  in  teaching  him  to 
come  to  you  by  pulling  on  the  rope  and  say- 
ing, "Aere,"  using  no  other  word  that  may 
confuse  liim.  After  he  fully  understands 
the  meaning  of  the  word  "here,"  he  will 
come  to  you  when  it  is  used ;  and  as  he 
comes  to  you,  whether  voluntarily  or  not, 
say  "  ho,"  and  caress  him.  A  lesson  of  thirty 
minutes,  working  him  slowly  and  patiently, 
will  be  sufiicient  for  each  day. 

Proceed  with  the  lessons  till  he  will  come 
from  any  part  of  the  yard  at  the  word  here. 
He  has  now  learned  that  the  word  ho  means 
you  are  through  with  him.  You  must  now 
teach   him   the    words   go   and  halt.      To 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR.  99 

do  this,  place  yourself  in  a  position  opposite 
where  he  would  desire  to  go:  for  instance, 
the  opening  of  the  enclosure  you  have  chosen 
for  these  lessons;  say  "go,"  and  by  calling 
him,  and  uro-ins;  him  alons*.  "When  he  o^ets 
part  of  the  way,  say  "halt,"  and  at  the  same 
time  pull  upon  the  string,  stopping  him,  and 
say  "halt"  again.  Proceed  thus  till  he  has 
learned  the  meanins;  of  the  words.  To  teach 
the  above  four  words  it  will  take  from  one 
week  to  ten  days,  according  to  the  sagacity 
of  the  animal. 


By  holding  up  something  which  he  wants 
very  much — for  instance,  food,  when  he  is 
quite  hungiy.  If  you  wish  him  to  go  out, 
show  him  the  door,  and  say,  "go  out;"  the 
word  "go"  will  start  him,  and,  in  a  little 
while,  he  will  become  familiar  with  the 
word  "out."  Let  him  have  a  steady  place 
to  sleep,  and  teach  him  its  name.  If  you 
already  have  a  dog  trained  to  drive,  take 
him  out  with  him  to  drive  in  the  cat- 
tle.    He  will  thus  learn  that  they  will  run 


100  TEE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOB, 

from  liim.  Say  nothing  to  him  while  he  is 
with  the  other  dog,  unless  he  attempts  to 
go  to  the  head  of  the  cattle.  This  you  must 
not  permit.  After  two  or  three  times, 
take  him  out  without  the  other  dog,  and 
allow  him  to  run  after  the  cattle,  provided 
they  are  used  to  being  driven  by  other 
dogs.  It  will  not  do  to  let  him  run  where 
there  is  any  danger  of  being  turned  upon. 
If  he  runs  them  too  fast,  say,  "  steady,"  and 
as  you  use  words  with  him  only  when  they 
mean  something,  he  will  be  apt  to  pay  at- 
T<>ntion,  and  go  slower;  if  he  does  not^  say, 
*'  halt,"  and  then,  "  go,"  then  "  steady."  He 
will  gradually  learn  its  meaning.  Accus- 
tom him  to  the  words  "  fetch "  for  sheep, 
and  "get"  for  cattle.  So,  when  you  say 
go  and  get  the  the  cattle,  he  knows  you 
mean  cattle  instead  of  sheep  or  horse.  Pro- 
ceed to  teach  him  the  right  from  left,  and 
to  obey  orders,  in  that  respect,  by  the  mo- 
tion of  your  right  hand,  and  the  word 
"right."  Then,  by  motion  with  the  left 
hand,  teach  him  the  word  "left."  By  these 
motions,  and  an  appeal  to  the  intelligence 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR.  101 

of  the  dog  by  your  countenance  and  eyes, 
you  can  start  him  for  the  fields  in  any  di- 
rection 3'ou  choose,  and  he  soon  learns  to  do 
your  bidding. 


THE  WATCH  DOG. 


For  a  good  watch  dog,  select  one  of  a 
breed  adapted  to  the  business,  for  any  other 
will  never  be  reliable.  A  barking  dog,  one 
that  will  be  noisy  at  the  approach  of  intru- 
ders, is  the  best. 

To  teach  him,  give  him  something  to 
watch,  saying,  "take  care  of  it,"  as  you 
place  him  near  the  article.  He  will  soon 
learn  the  word,  and  when  being  directed  to 
any  particular  object,  will  faithfully  guard 
it.  "While  teaching  him,  allow  no  one  but 
yourself  to  approach  him  without  setting 
him  on.  You  may  have  a  stranger  ajv 
proach  him,  without  setting  him  on,  but 
urge  him  to  drive  the  person  away;  and 


102  THE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TO  It. 

as  soon  as  he  starts,  let  the  person  run,  you 
calling  the  clog  back.  While  young,  do 
not  over-task  him,  but  after  having  watched 
an  article  for  some  time,  go  up  to  him  and 
say,  "that  will  do,"  feeding  him.. 

When  you  wish  the  dog  to  bite  or  go  at 
any  person  or  thing,  you  will  teach  him 
words  the  reverse  of  what  you  mean,  such 
as  "be  still,"  "  lie  down,"  "  get  out,"  &c.  So 
a  person  not  understanding  the  w^ords  you 
have  taught  him  the  meaning  of,  will 
not  be  apt  to  get  very  near  him,  as  they 
would  naturally  use  these  phrases,  and  be 
setting  him  on  instead  of  quieting  him  as 
desired. 

To  call  him  yourself,  use  words  not  natu^ 
rally  used  by  others.  These  ideas  are  new 
and  practical,  and  must  meet  with  succesa- 
ful  results,  if  used  with  skill. 


TEE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR,  103 


THE  TRICK  DOG. 

^  ^^f^Altnr  amusing  tricks  may  be  taught 
Iff  JK  ^^  exhibit  the  wonderful  sagacity  of 
dogs.  Perhaps  a  Spaniel  dog  is  the  most 
tractable  of  any,  but  a  black-and-tan  is  quite 
as  apt.  A  Scotch  Terrier  is  also  quick  to 
learn. 


TO   TEACH   HIM   TO   SIT    UP. 

Sit  him  up  in  the  corner,  and  with  a 
Bwitch  hit  him  lightly  under  the  mouth, 
snapping  your  fingers,  and  say,  "  sit  up.^' 
As  he  comes  down,  put  him  back,  and  re- 
peat, till  he  will  remain.  Then  say,  ''that 
will  do,"  and  call  him  down,  and  caress 
him ;  repeat  this,  till  he  will  do  it  in  any 
place  as  well  as  in  the  corner  of  a  room. 
He  will  soon  learn  to  do  the  trick  at  the 
word  and  snap  of  your  fingers. 


104  TEE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOR. 

TO   TE^CH   HIM   TO   SIT   DOWN. 

Press  jour  hand  upon  his  back  toward 
his  hind  legs,  and  say,  "sit  down,"  at  the 
same  time  tapping  the  floor  with  your  foot. 
Tap  him  under  the  chin,  to  keep  his  head 
up.  He  will,  after  a  few  lessons,  understand 
that  tapping  the  floor  means  sit  down. 

TO   STAND   UP. 

Take  some  food  in  your  hand,  and  ofler 
him,  holding  it  well  up,  and  say,  "stand 
up."  Eepeat,  till  he  will  stand  up  readily, 
permitting  him  to  rest  his  fore  paws  on 
your  unoccupied  hand,  till  he  can  stand 
easily  alone.  Then  take  him  by  the  fore 
feet,  lift  liim  up  quite  hard,  and  say,  "stand 
up."  You  can  now  combine  this  with  the 
last  two  tricks,  saying,  stand  iip^  sit  up,  sit 
down,  that  will  do. 


TEE  HORSE  ED  UCATOE.  105 

TO   GET   INTO   A   CHAIR. 

Take  your  own  way  to  coax  him  into  the 
chair,  using  the  word  chair  whenever  you 
cause  him  to  get  into  it.  When  he  become* 
familiar  with  the  word,  say,  "go,  and  get 
into  the  chair."  After  he  will  do  this, 
teach  him  to  put  his  paws  on  the  back,  by 
saying,  "put  them  up,"  or  saying,  "up!" 
assisting  him  at  first.  Then  teach  him  to 
put  his  head  down  on  his  paws,  by  placing 
it  there  and  repeating  the  word  down^  caress- 
ing him  each  time  he  complies.  To  have 
him  hold  his  head  up,  tap  him  under  the 
mouth,  and  say,  "up,"  remembering  to  say 
"that  will  do,"  when  you  are  through  with 
the  trick.  You  may  teach  him  to  jump 
over  the  chair,  by  playfully  coaxing  him 
to  do  so,  saying,  "jump." 


TO  MAKE   HIM  GO  LAME. 

Tap  him  with  a  little  rod  on  the  hind 

foot,  saying,  "  lame ;"  then  coax  him  along, 
8 


106  THE  MOUSE  ED  UGA  TOE. 

and  if  he  puts  his  foot  dowD,  hit  him  quite 
smartly  on  .the  foot,  making  him  keep  it 
up,  tiU  he  will  go  lame  at  the  word,  and  a 
motion  of  the  rod.  When  you  seat  him  in 
the  chair,  if  he  goes  to  jump  down,  stop 
him  ;  teaching  him  to  wait  for  the  word  ho. 
As  he  conies  down  with  his  fore  feet  on  the 
floor,  steady  him  by  the  word,  and  teach 
him  to  stop  with  his  hind  legs  up  in  the 
chair ;  lead  the  way  around  as  far  as  he  can 
go,  and  then  back  again ;  if  this  is  done  on 
a  stool,  he  can  thus  be  taus-ht  to  o-o  all  the 
way  around,  and  is  then  ready  to  run  on 
his  forward  legs.  Do  this  as  often  as  the 
chair  trick  is  performed,  saying  "around  ;" 
after  a  while  take  him  by  the  tail  and 
lift  him  up,  and  switching  his  hind  legs 
lightly,  walk  him  around,  saying, "  around." 
He  will  soon  learn  to  lift  up  his  hind  legs 
at  the  motion  of  the  whip,  and  the  words, 
"  go  around,"  and  will  perform  a  circle 
walking  on  his  forward  legs. 


THE  H0B8E  EBUGATOB,  107 

TO   SIT   ON  A   STOOL. 

It  is  now  easy  to  teach  him  to  sit  down 
on  a  low  stool.  You  may  then  teach  him 
to  take  a  seat  on  the  stool,  by  leading  him 
around  by  his  forward  feet,  and  seating  him 
on  the  stool,  with  his  fore  feet  held  up,  say- 
ing, ''  seat." 

TO   TEACH  HIM   TO  FIND   THINGS. 

Take  something  with  which  he  is  accus- 
tomed to  play ;  call  him  up  to  you,  and 
blindfold  him,  throw  the  article  a  short 
distance  from  3^ou;  if  the  dog  has  good 
scent,  tell  him  you  have  lost ;  then  remove 
the  blindfold,  and  he  will  search  and  find 
it.  Repeat  this,  throwing  it  farther  each 
time,  till  you  can  throw  anything  you  have 
held  in  your  hand  at  a  distance,  you  look- 
ing in  the  direction,  saying,  "I  have  lost  f^ 
he  will  search  till  he  finds  it.  If  the  dog 
has  not  good  scent,  teach  him  to  look  down 
at  the  word  jind^  and  up  at  the  word  wp. 


108  TEE  HORSE  ED  TIC  A  TOE. 

By  strictly  observing  these  rules,  which 
govern  the  teaching  of  dogs,  you  can  teach 
them  to  climb  ladders,  fetch  things  to  you, 
carry  baskets,  shut  doors,  roll  over,  and  an 
innumerable  number  of  tricks.  But  first 
of  all,  you  must  have  perfect  control  of 
yourself.  !N'ever  whip  severely,  and  never 
get  out  of  patience. 


THE  H0B8E  ED  UCATOR,  109 


RULES  AND  REGULATIONS   FOR  THE 

GOVERNMENT  OF  TROTTING  AND 

RACING,   OYER    THE    UNION 

COURSE,  LONG  ISLAND. 


1. — Nature  of  Rules. 

JLL  matches,  or  sweepstakes,  which 
^^  shall  come  off  over  the  course  will  he 
governed  by  these  rules,  unless  the  contrary 
is  mutually  agreed  upon  by  the  parties  mak- 
ing such  match  or  stake. 

2. — Power  of  Postponement 

In  case  of  unfavorable  weather,  or  un- 
avoidable causes,  all  purses,  matches,  sweep- 
stakes, announced  to  come  off,  to  which  the 
proprietors  contribute,  they  shall  have  the 
power  to  postpone  to  a  future  day,  upon 
giving  notice  of  the  same. 


110  TEE  HOUSE  ED  UCATOB. 

3. — Qualifications  of  Horses  Starting. 

Horses  trained  in  the  same  stable,  or 
owned  in  part  by  the  same  person  within 
three  days,  shall  not  start  for  a  purse ;  and 
horses  so  entered  shall  forfeit  their  entrance. 
A  horse  starting  alone  shall  receive  but  one- 
half  of  the  purse.  Horses  deemed  by  the 
judges  not  fair  trotting  horses,  shall  be 
ruled  off  previous  to,  or  distanced  at,  the 
termination  of  the  heat. 

4. — Entries. 

All  entries  shall  be. made  under  a  seal,  in- 
closing the  entrance  money  (ten  per  cent,  on 
the  purse) ,  and  addressed  to  the  proprietor, 
at  such  time  and  place  as  shall  have  been 
previously  designated  by  advertisement. 

b.— Weight  to  he  Carried. 

Every  trotting  horse  starting  for  match, 
purse  or  stake,  shall  carry  one  hundred  and 
forty-five  pounds  j  if  in  harness,  the  weight 


/ 

THE  HORSE  EBUGATOR.  Ill 

of  the  sulky  and  harness  not  to  be  consid- 
ered. Pacing  horses  subject  to  the  same 
rule. 

6. — Distances, 

A  distance  for  mile  heats,  best  three  in 
^YQ^  shall  be  one  hundred  yards;  for  one 
mile  heats,  eighty  yards,  and  for  every  ad- 
ditional mile,  an  additional  eighty  yards. 

7. —  Time  between  Heats. 

The  time  between  heats  shall  be,  for  one 
mile,  twenty  minutes;  for  every  additional 
mile,  an  additional  five  minutes. 

8. — Power  of  Judges, 

There  shall  be  chosen  by  the  proprietors 
of  the  course,  or  stewards,  three  judges  to 
preside  over  a  race  for  purses,  and  by  them 
an  additional  judge  shall  be  appointed  for 
the  distance  stand ;  they  may,  also,  during 
or  previous  to  a  race,  appoint  inspectors  at 


113  THE  HOUSE  ED  TIG  AT  OB, 

any  part  of  the  course,  whose  reports,  and 
theirs  alone,  shall  be  received  of  any  foul 
riding  or  driving. 

9. — Difference  of  Opinion  between  Judges, 

Should  a  difference  of  opinion  exist  be- 
tween the  judges  in  the  starting-stand  on 
any  question,  a  majority  shall  govern. 

10. — Judges'  Duties. 

The  judges  shall  order  the  horses  saddled 
or  harnessed  five  minutes  previous  to  the 
time  appointed  for  starting;  any  rider  or 
driver  causing  undue  detention  after  being 
called  up,  by  making  false  starts  or  other- 
wise, the  judges  may  give  the  word  to  start 
without  reference  to  the  situation  of  the 
horse  so  offending,  unless  convinced  such 
delay  is  unavoidable  on  the  part  of  the  rider 
or  driver;  in  which  case  not  more  than 
thirty  minutes  shall  be  consumed  in  at- 
tempting to  start ;  and  at  the  expiration  of 


TEE  HORSE  ED  UCATOR.  113 

that  time,  the  horse  or  horses  ready  to  start 
shall  receive  the  word. 


11. — Starting  Horses. 

The  pole  shall  be  drawn  for  by  the  judges, 
the  horse  winning  the  heat  shall,  for  the 
succeeding  heats,  be  entitled  to  a  choice  of 
the  track;  on  coming  out  on  the  last  stretch, 
each  horse  shall  retain  the  track  first  se- 
lected; any  horse  deviating  shall  be  dis- 
tanced. 

12. — aiders  or  Drivers. 

Riders  or  drivers  shall  not  be  permitted 
to  start,  unless  dressed  in  jockey  style. 

13. —  Weight  of  Riders  and  Drivers. 

Eiders  and  drivers  shall  weigh  in  the 
presence  of  one  or  more  of  the  judges  pre- 
vious to  starting;  and,  after  a  heat,  are  to 
come  up  to  the  starting  stand,  and  not  dis- 
mount until  so  ordered  by  the  judges;  any 


114  TEE  HOBSE  ED  UCATOR. 

rider  or  driver  disobeying,  shall,  on  weigh- 
ing, be  precluded  from  the  benefit  of  the 
weight  of  his  saddle  and  whip,  and  if  not 
full  weight,  shall  be  distanced. 


14. — Penalty  for  Foul  Biding  or  Driving, 

A  rider  or  driver,  committing  any  act 
which  the  judges  may  deem  foul  riding  or 
driving,  shall  be  distanced. 

15. — Horses  Breaking, 

Should  any  horse  break  from  his  trot  or 
pace,  it  shall  be  the  duty  of  the  rider  or 
driver  to  pull  his  horse  to  a  trot  or  pace 
immediately ;  and,  in  case  of  the  rider  or 
driver  refusing  to  do  so,  the  penalty  shall 
be  that  the  next  best  horse  shall  have  the 
heat.  If  the  rider  or  driver  should  comply 
with  the  above,  and  he  should  gain  by  such 
break,  twice  the  distanced  so  gained  shall 
be  taken  away  on  the  coming  out ;  a  horse 
breaking  on  the  score  shall  not  lose  the  heai 
by  so  doing. 


TEE  H0B8E  ED  UGA  TOR.  115 

16. —  The  Winning  Horse. 

A  horse  must  win  two  heats  to  be  enti- 
tled to  the  purse,  unless  he  distanced  all 
other  horses  in  one  heat.  A  distanced 
horse  in  a  dead  heat  shall  not  start  again. 

17. — Belative  to  Heats. 

A  horse  not  winning  one  heat  in  three, 
Bhall  not  start  for  a  fourth  heat.  When  a 
dead  heat  is  made  between  two  horses,  that 
if  either  had  won  the  heat  the  race  would 
have  b^en  decided,  these  two  only  shall 
start  again.  In  races,  best  three  in  five,  a 
horse  shall  win  one  heat  in  five  to  be  al- 
lowed to  start  for  the  sixth  heat,  unless 
such  horse  shall  have  made  a  dead  heat; 
such  horses  as  are  prevented  from  starting 
by  this  rule  shall  be  considered  draw^n,  and 
not  distanced. 

18. — On  Heats  and  Distances. 

If  two  horses  each  win  a  heat,  and  neither 
are  distanced  in  the  race,  the  one  coming 
out  ahead  on  the  last  heat  to  be  considered 


116  THE  HOBSE  ED  UCA  TOE. 

the  best.  The  same  rule  to  be  applied  to 
horses,  neither  winniDg  a  heat  and  neither 
distanced.  If  one  horse  wins  a  heat,  he  is 
better  than  one  that  does  not,  provided  he 
does  not  get  distanced  in  the  race;  then  the 
other,  if  not  distanced,  shall  be  the  best.  A 
horse  that  wins  a  heat,  and  is  distanced,  is 
better  than  one  not  winning  a  heat,  and  be- 
ing distanced  in  the  same  heat.  A  horse 
distanced  in  the  second  heat  is  better  than 
one  distanced  in  the  first  heat. 

19. — Horses  Drawn. 

Horses  drawn  before  the  conclusion  of  a 
race  shall  be  considered  distanced. 

20.— Outside  Bets. 

In  all  matches  made,  play  or  pay ;  outside 
bets  not  to  be  considered  play  or  pay,  unless 
so  understood  by  the  parties. 

21.-0/  Flay  or  Pay  Matches. 

All  moneys  bet  play  or  pay  matches  by 
outside  betters  are  not  considered  play 
or  pay. 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR,  117 

22. — Betting;  Absent  Betters. 

A  confirmed  bet  cannot  be  left  off  without 
mutual  consent.  If  either  party  be  absent 
at  the  time  of  trotting,  and  the  money  be 
not  staked,  the  party  present  may  declare 
the  bet  void  in  the  presence  of  the  judges, 
unless  some  party  will  stake  the  money 
bet  for  the  absentee. 

23. — Compromised  Matches. 

All  bets  made  by  outside  betters  on  com- 
promised matches  are  considered  drawn. 

24.     Betters  of  Odds,  Etc. 

The  person  who  bets  the  odds  has  the 
right  to  choose  the  horse  or  the  field.  When 
he  has  chosen  his  horse,  the  field  is  what 
starts  against  him;  but  there  is  no  field  un- 
less one  starts  with  him.  If  odds  are  bet 
without  naming  the  horses  before  the  trot 
is  over,  it  mnst  be  determined  as  the  odds 
were  at  the  time  of  making  it.    Bets  made  in 


118  THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR. 

trotting  are  not  determined  till  the  purse  is 
won,  if  the  heat  is  not  specified  at  the  time 
of  betting. 

25. — Horses  Excluded  from  Starting^  or 
Distanced, 

All  bets  made  on  horses  precluded  from 
starting  (by  rule  19),  being  distanced  in  the 
race,  or  on  such  horses  against  each  other, 
shall  be  drawn. 

26. — In  Cases  of  Dispute^  and  Improper 
Conduct 

In  all  cases  of  dispute  not  provided  for 
by  the  rules,  the  judges  for  the  day  will  de- 
cide finally.  In  case  of  a  trot  or  match 
being  proved  to  their  satisfaction  to  have 
been  made  or  conducted  improperly  or  dis- 
honestly on  the  part  of  the  principals,  they 
shall  have  the  power  to  declare  all  bets  void. 

<2n.-.The  Size  of  Whips  to  he  Used. 

!N'o  rider  or  driver  shall  be  allowed  any 
other  than  a   reasonable  length  of  whip, 


THE  HOBSE  ED  UCATOE.  119 

namely:  for  saddle  horses,  two  feet  ten 
inches ;  sulky,  four  feet  eight  inches ;  wagon, 
-G.ve  feet  ten  inches. 


28. — In  Case  of  Accidents. 

In  case  of  accidents  but  five  minutes  shall 
be  allowed  over  the  time  specified  in  rule 
"No.  10,  unless  the  judges  think  more  time 
necessary. 

29. — Judges^  Stand. 

No  person  shall  be  allowed  in  the  judges' 
stand  but  the  judges,  reporters,  and  mem- 
bers, at  the  time  of  trotting. 

30. — In  Case  of  Death. 

All  engagements  are  void  upon  the  de- 
cease of  either  party  being  determined. 


120  TEE  HORSE  ED  UCATOR 


EEOIPES 


^JI^HE  following  recipes  have  been  gath- 
^^^  ered  from  sources  entitled  to  the 
fullest  confidenae,.as  remedies  of  value  to  all 
owners  of  horses,  and  are  presented  with 
the  hope  of  doing  good. 


A  CURE  FOR  HEAVES,  NEVER  BEFORE 
PUBLISHED. 

Take  a  common  stone  jar,  fill  it  with 
eggs,  cover  them  with  cider  vinegar,  and 
let  it  stand  till  the  vinegar  eats  up  the 
shells.  Then  stir  all  together.  Take  a  lump 
of  lime  about  the  size  of  a  goose  egg^  slack 
it  in  hot  water,  using  about  one  quart  of 
water.    Add  one-half  pint  of  the  lime  water 


TEE  HORSE  ED  TIC  A  TOR,  121 


to  a  quart  of  the  e^g  mixture.  Give  a  tea- 
cupful,  at  feeding  time,  in  feed,  three  times 
a  daj. 

A  REMEDY  TO  CURE  THE  HEAYES. 

One-half  pint  of  turpentine,  2  oz.  assafoe- 
tida,  2  oz.  aloes,  4  oz.  lobelia  seed,  1  quart 
of  whisky,  2  oz.  of  sal  ammoniac,  4  oz.  sal- 
seratus,  1  oz.  of  camphor. 

Dose,  one  tablespoonful  once  a  day. 


TO  CURE  WORMS  IN  HORSES. 

One  drachm  white  hellebore  in  powder,  1 
drachm  sulphate  of  iron  in  powder,  1  oz. 
flaxseed  meal. 

The  above  for  one  dose,  mixed  with  bran 
mash,  given  at  night.  Repeat  in  forty-eight 
hours,  if  the  horse  is  old.  Two  doses  are 
enough  for  the  worst  case. 


122  THE  HOUSE  ED  UCA  TOR. 

TO  CURE  THE  SCRATCHES 

VI  the  shortest  time  ever  known. 

USE  two  tablespoonfuls  of  lard,  and  one 
tablespoonful  of  slacked  lime ;  brush  out 
the  dirt  and  dust  from  the  foot ;  use  no 
water.  Apply  the  salve,  well  mixed,  twice 
each  day.  It  will  cure  the  worst  cases  in 
4  to  6  days. 

Another  remedy: 

Hydrate  of  potassa,  10  grains;  pulverized 
nutgalls,  J  oz. ;  white  lead,  pulverized  opium, 
each  1  oz. ;  lard,  J  lb.  Wash  with  soap-suds, 
rub  dry,  and  apply  the  mixture  night  and 
morning.     Give  purging  bail. 

COLIC  OR  GRIPES. 

Symptoms: — Pawing,  manifesting  a  de- 
sire to  lie  down,  and,  without  doing  so, 
commence  pawing  again.  As  the  symp- 
toms increase,  the  animal  cannot  be  kept 
on  his  feet ;  he  frequently  falls  as  if  shot ; 
pulse  not  altered  from  natural  condition. 
Intervals  of  rest,  together  with  the  condi- 


THE  HOBSE  ED  UCA  TOR.  123 

tion  of  the  pulse,  distinguish  the  disease 
from  inflammation  of  the  bowels. 

Treat  as  follows m 

Frequent  injections  of  soap  and  water, 
and  give  internally,  spirits  of  nitre,  1  oz. ; 
laudanum,  1  oz. ;  water,  J  pint;  mix  for 
drench.  This  may  be  repeated  in  twenty 
minutes,  if  relief  is  not  obtained. 

Another  remedy,  giving  instant  relief: 
From  5  to  10  drops  of  chloroform,  given 
on  sugar,  I  have  never  known  to  fail  giving 
immediate  relief.  I  have  known  men  to 
be  from  home,  and  have  their  horses  taken 
with  this  disease,  and  use  this  remedy,  and 
in  thirty  minutes  the  horses  were  able  to 
be  driven. 


FOR  INFLAMMATION  OF  THE  LUNGS. 

First,  bleed  thoroughly ;  then  give  tine, 
veratrum,  J  oz. ;  laudanum,  4  oz. ;  tincture 
aconite,  J  oz.;  shake  well,  and  give  a  tea- 
spoonful   every  three   hours,  in   a   pint  of 


124  TEE  HORSE  EB  UGA  TOR. 

water,  well  sweetened,  and,  if  the  pulse  ia 
not  reduced  in  a  short  time,  increase  the 
dose  to  a  tablespoonful,  until  the  fever 
abates.  As  soon  as  the  horse  recovers  so  as 
to  eat  and  lie  down  naturally,  keep  him  on 
hay,  with  a  few  carrots  or  potatoes,  and 
daily  give  a  bran  mash,  with  saltpetre,  pul- 
verized antimony  and  sulphur,  for  a  week 
or  ten  days,  and  you  will  prevent  dropsy  of 
the  chest,  which  usually  follows  this  disease. 


SPAYIK 

This  being  a  valuable  recipe,  it  is  worth 
money  to  any  man  dealing  in  horses. 

Euphorbium,  5  oz. ;  cantharides,  fine,  2 
oz. ;  iodine,  1  oz.,  dissolved  in  alcohol; 
red  precipitate,  J  oz. ;  corrosive  sublimate, 
1  oz. ;  quicksilver,  }  oz. ;  hog's  lard,  6  oz. ; 
white  turpentine,  6  oz. ;  verdigris,  J  lb. 
Melt  the  lard  and  turpentine  together,  then, 
while  hot,  add  the  others,  except  the  quick- 
silver, which  must  be  stirred  in  as  it  be- 
comes cold.     Mix  well.     "When  cold,  it  is 


THE  HORSE  EDUCATOB.  135 

fit  for  use.  Eab  it  in  well  on  the  spavin  every 
day  for  three  days,  then  wash  clean  with 
soap-suds,  and  omit  for  three  days ;  then 
repeat  for  three  days,  and  so  continue  until 
a  perfect  cure  is  effected.  Should  it  blister, 
use  more  cautiously. 

BONE  SPAVIN. 

One-half  pound  of  blood  root;  1  quart  of 
alcohol ;  2  oz.  tannin ;  \  lb.  alum.  Mix  and 
let  stand.  Shaking  several  times  a  day 
till  the  strength  is  all  in  the  alcohol,  and 
bathe  the  spavin  twice  a  day,  rubbing  with 
the  hand. 

FOR  WINDGALLS. 

Olive  oil,  2  oz. ;  nitric  acid,  \  oz.  Rub 
as  much  in  every  day,  or  every  second  or 
third  day,  as  will  bear  without  starting  the 
hair. 


126  TEE  EORSE  ED  U  CAT  OK 


FOR  INFLAMED  SWELLINGS  OR 
LAMED  SHOULDERS. 

Equal  parts  oil  amber,  oil  spike,  gum 
camphor,  and  ether.  Should  be  shaken  well 
before  using,  and  well  rubbed  in  with  the 
hand. 


HIDE  BOUND. 

This  condition  of  the  skin  is  usually  pro- 
duced bj  any  derangement  of  system.  Med- 
icine of  an  alterative  character  is  here  indi- 
cated. The  most  successful  remedy  is 
sulphur,  pulverized,  8  oz. ;  nitrate  of  po- 
tassa,  pulverized,  3  oz. ;  black  antimony, 
pulverized,  2  oz. ;  sulphate  of  iron,  4  oz. 
Mix  well  together,  and  give  one  tablespoon- 
ful  twice  a  day. 

Another  good  remedy: 

Take  saltpetre,  4  oz. ;  crude  antimony, 
1  oz. ;  sul[)hur,  2  oz.  The  saltpetre  and 
antimony  should   be  finely  pulverized,  then 


4  'HE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOE.  157 

add  iLe  eulplrar,  and  mix  well  together. 
Dose :  tablespooof ul  of  the  mixture  in  bran 
mash  daily. 


HOW  TO  DISTINGUISH  BETWEEN  DIS- 
TEMPER Ai^D  GLANDERS. 

The  discharge  froia  the  nose  in  Glanders 
will  sink  in  water.  In  Distemper  it  will 
not. 

DISTEMPER. 

All  catarrhal  affections  are  classed  by 
horse  owners  under  the  head  of  distemper. 
Common  catarrh,  epidemic  catarrh,  larj-n- 
gitis,  bronchitis,  and  all  other  diseases,  ac- 
companied by  nasal  discharges,  are  regarded 
by  horsemen  as  one  and  the  same. 

The  following  remedy  is  to  cure  distem- 
per in  its  simple  form,  as  we  find  it  in  colts 
soon  after  the  disease  commences.  If  there 
is  swelling  under  the  jaws,  poultice  the 
throat  with  flaxseed  meal,  or  bread  and 
milk.     Apply  muiitard    and    vinegar,  and 


128  TEE  HOUSE  ED UCATOR. 

give  internally  one  of  the  following  pow- 
iers  in  feed:  pulverized  gentian,  2  ounces; 
Bulph.  copper,  1  oz. ;  pulverized  ginger,  6 
drachms ;  mix,  and  divide  into  8  powders. 


INFLUENZA. 

Por  several  years  past  a  disease  has  been 
1  .sore  or  less  prevalent  in  various  sections  of 
tLis  country,  known  to  the  Veterinary  as 
epidemic  catarrh  or  influenza.  The  symp- 
toms of  this  disease  are  so  various  in  difter- 
ent  auAmals — no  two  being  precisely  alike — 
that  a  variety  of  opinions  are  current  con- 
cerning it  and  its  nature;  and,  as  a  conse- 
quence, various  other  diseases  are  often  con- 
founded with  it.  The  usual  or  leading 
symptomo  are  a  slight  watery  or  mucous 
discharge  from  the  nose;  eyelids  presenting 
a  reddish  appearance ;  matter  collects  in  the 
corner  of  the  eyes;  pulse  feeble;  great  de- 
bility, as  lihown  by  the  quick,  feeble  action 
of  the  heart- -a  symptom  rarely  absent; 
membrane  of  nose  much   reddened;   sore 


THE  EOBBE  ED  UCA  TOB.  129 

throat  and  cough ;  occasionally  the  feet  be- 
come fevered  as  in  founder,  causing  much 
stiffness,  and  might  be  easily  taken  for  that 
disease. 

Treatment: — This  being  a  typhoid  dis- 
ease, it  requires  a  sustaining  treatment,  or 
success  will  be  very  doubtful.  In  the  early 
stage  of  this  disease,  give  the  first  two  days 
ten  drops  of  tincture  of  aconite,  or  bryonia, 
in  a  little  water,  every  six  hours;  after 
which  give  a  pail  of  water  to  drink,  and, 
once  a  day,  1  oz.  spirits  of  nitre,  or  2  drachms 
extract  of  belladonna ;  and  give  in  the  feed, 
three  times  a  day,  one  of  the  following  pow- 
ders: gentian  root,  saltpetre,  and  anise  seed, 
of  each  1  oz. ;  sulphate  of  quinine,  1  drachm; 
mix,  and  divide  into  eight  powders.  The 
throat  should  be  bathed  with  mustard  and 
vinegar;  or  with  linseed  oil,  3  oz.,  spirits 
of  hartshorn,  1  oz.  Mix  together.  ]^o  hay 
or  corn  should  be  given,  but  scalded  oats  or 
wheat  bran,  with  linseed  tea,  or  oatmeal 
gruel,  should  constitute  the  diet.  I  would 
recommend  a  few  carrots.    But  above  all, 


130  THE  HOUSE  ED  UCA  TOR. 

good  nursing  is  to  be  desired,  and  by  strictly 
following  tbe  foregoing  instructions  a  suc- 
cessful result  is  probable. 

GLANDERS. 

This  is  one  of  tbe  most  fatal  diseases  to 
wbicb  tbe  horse  is  subject.  It  is  propagated 
in  most  cases  by  contagion,  the  infection  be- 
ing disseminated  by  seed  from  the  nasal 
discharge,  not,  as  many  suppose,  by  the 
breath.  According  to  eminent  foreign  au- 
thors, the  disease  has  its  origin  also  in  a 
vitiated  state  of  the  blood,  and  this  may 
result  from  improper  treatment  or  neglect 
of  almost  any  disease  to  which  he  is  liable. 
In  its  early  stage  it  appears  to  be  only  a 
slight  inflammation  of  the  inner  membrane 
of  the  nose,  not,  however,  attended  with  the 
usual  florid  red  characterising  inflamma 
tion,  but  of  a  paler  hue,  and  afterwards  be- 
coming darker.  The  first  marked  symptom 
is  a  discharge  from  the  nose,  scarcely  to  be 
distinguished  at  first  from  the  natural 
moisture,  either  by  its  color  or  consistence, 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOR.  131 

and  generally  coming  from  one  nostril  only, 
and  that  the  left  one.  In  appearance  it  is 
thin  and  transparent,  closely  resembling  the 
natural  discharge,  a  little  increased  in  quan- 
tity, and  sometimes  continues  in  this  doubt- 
ful stage  for  several  weeks  or  months.  In- 
stances are  indeed  known  where  it  has 
existed  for  several  years  before  it  became 
fully  developed.  In  such  cases  it  is  attended 
with  no  loss  of  appetite,  no  cough,  or  ap- 
parent illness  of  any  kind,  with  little  en- 
largement of  the  glands  under  the  jaw,  and 
at  the  same  time  the  horse  is  capable  of 
communicating  disease. 

Too  many  of  these  horses,  with  a  decided 
glanderous  discharge  from  the  nose  and  ad- 
herent glands  under  the  jaw,  are  found  on 
our  roads,  or  are  employed  in  agriculture, 
which  (although  they  are  otherwise  in  good 
health,  and  perform  their  work  well)  should 
not  be  permitted;  for  by  such  means  the 
contagion  is  widely  spread,  l^o  cough  ac- 
companies real  glanders  in  any  of  its  stages, 
except  the  last,  which  is  usually  soon  cut 
short  by  death. 


183  TEE  EOBSE  ED  TIC  A  TOM. 

In  addition  to  the  preceding  tokens  foi 
discovering  at  an  early  period  the  true 
glanders  from  other  disorders,  let  the  nos- 
trils be  closely  examined.  In  the  real 
glanders,  the  left  or  running  nostril  will  be 
found  of  a  deeper  color  than  ordinary,  while 
the  other,  or  dry  nostril,  is  of  a  paler  color, 
or  almost  white. 

The  reader  must  bear  in  mind  the  varied 
color  of  the  nostril  in  deciding  all  cases  of 
this  character.  Also  that  in  colds,  &c.,  both 
nostrils  run. 

Eefore  the  disease  finishes  its  course,  both 
sides  of  the  nose  and  head  become  affected — 
the  ulcers  extend  down  the  windpipe,  and 
fasten  upon  the  lungs.  The  virus,  secreted 
by  and  discharged  from  the  ulcers,  is  ab- 
sorbed and  carried  through  the  whole  sys- 
tem, and  soon  puts  an  end  to  the  creature's 
miserable  existence.  The  best  preventives 
of  glanders  are  dry,  clean,  well-ventilated 
stables,  moderate  exercise,  green  food,  when 
it  can  be  procured,  and  roots  in  the  winter. 

The  disease  may  be  cured  in  its  early 
stages,  or  before  ulcers  are  formed  in  the 


TEE  HOBSE  ED  UOA  TOM.  133 

nose,  or  the  lumps  under  the  jaw  adhere  to 
the  bone,  by  turning  the  animal  on  a  dry 
pasture,  by  proper  attention  to  the  bowels, 
and  by  use  of  alterative  medicines,  to  work 
the  poisons  out  of  the  system.  Should  the 
bowels  require  loosening,  give  the  common 
purge.  For  purifying  the  blood,  the  condi- 
tion powder  is  the  most  effectual  remedy. 
The  owner  must  beware  of  putting  the 
horse  to  hard  labor  too  soon,  after  having 
been  turned  out  as  before  directed,  as  the 
disease  is  liable  to  return  on  subsequent  con- 
finement, even  after  the  running  at  the  nose 
has  entirely  disappeared.  It  is  conceded  by 
all  that,  when  this  disease  is  once  seated,  it 
cannot  be  cured;  and  humanity  dictates, 
and  economy  should  prompt  us  to  terminate 
the  animal's  existence  at  once.  This  course 
has  now  become  an  imperative  duty,  as  the 
fact  is  established  that  man  is  susceptible 
to  the  contagion ;  and  there  are  numerous 
cases  on  record  where  those  who  have  had 
the  care  of  glandered  horses  have  fallen 
victims  to  this  disease. 


134  THE  HO  BSE  ED  UCATOE. 

CHRONIC  COUGH. 

This  is  generally  the  consequence  of  neg- 
lected catarrhal  affections,  worms,  &c.  For 
treatment,  give  twice  each  day  Barbadoes 
aloes,  2  oz. ;  pulv.  foxglove  (or  digitalis),  1 
oz. ;  linseed  meal,  13  cz.  Mix  with  mo- 
lasses.    Dose,  1  oz. 

Another  remedy  is,  sal  ammoniac,  1  oz. ; 
equills,  pulv.,  |  oz. ;  aloes,  pulv.,  1  oz. ;  lin- 
seed meal,  16  oz. ;  mix  with  molasses,  and 
divide  into  four  balls ;  to  be  given  one  each 
night  for  four  days. 

TREATMENT  FOR  RHEUMATISM. 

Poultice  the  feet  with  mustard  and  flax- 
seed meal.  Give  internally  of  nux  vomica, 
1  oz. ;  pulv.  gentian  root,  IJ  oz. ;  pulverized 
ginger,  1  oz.  Mix,  and  divide  into  12  pow- 
ders ;  give  one  every  night  in  the  feed,  keep 
the  body  warm,  and  give  no  corn. 


THE  HOBSE  ED  UCA  TOR.  135 

LOCK-JAW. 

This  disease  generally  arises  from  nail 
wonnds  in  the  feet,  or  from  sharp  metallic 
substances  taken  into  and  Avoundincr  the 
stomach  or  intestines.  The  first  symptoms 
of  the  disease  are  observed  about  the  ninth 
or  tenth  day  after  the  injury  is  done,  which 
are  a  straggling  or  stifi:iiess  of  the  hind  legs, 
to  which  succeed  in  a  few  days  the  follow- 
ing: on  elevating  the  head,  a  spasmodic 
motion  of  the  membrane  in  the  inner  corner 
of  the  eye  will  be  observed,  showing  little 
more  than  the  white  of  the  eye;  the  muscles 
of  the  jaws  become  rigid;  the  tongue  is 
swollen,  arid  the  mouth  is  £lled  with  saliva; 
the  ears  are  erect,  the  nose  poked  out;  the 
nostrils  expand;  respiration  becomes  dis- 
turbed ;  and,  finally,  the  jaws  become  firmly 
set,  and  the  bowels  constipated. 

Treatment: — Tinct.  of  aconite,  2  drs. ; 
tinct.  of  belladonna,  2  drs. ;  water,  }  oz. 
Mix,  and  give  40  drops  every  4  hours  on 
the  tongtie ;    keep  a   ball  of  aloes   in  the 


136  THE  HORSE  ED  UGATOR. 

month  for  several  days.  There  is  no  feai 
of  giving  too  much.  I  have  known  half  a 
pound  to  be  given  in  a  few  days  with  good 
success.  Hydrocyandic  acid,  20  drops  in  a 
little  water,  and  put  upon  the  tongue  every 
four  hours,  is  an  excehent  remedy.  Foment 
the  jaws  with  bags  of  hops  steeped  in  hot 
water,  and  bathe  the  line  of  the  back  from 
the  pole  to  the  croup  with  mustard  and  vin- 
eo;ar.  Be  careful  not  to  allow  the  animal 
to  be  unnecessarily  excited  by  noises  and 
confusion  about  him.  Go  about  him  quietly; 
keep  a  pail  of  bran  slop  before  him  all  the 
time.  If  the  foot  has  been  injured,  poultice 
with  flaxseed  meal,  and  keep  the  w^ound 
open  until  a  healthy  action  has  been  estab- 
lished. 


FOUNDER  REMEDY. 

Give  from  1  to  4  ounces  of  saltpetre,  ac- 
cording to  the  severity  of  the  case.  For  a 
severe  case,  draw  about  one  gallon* of  blood 


THE  HORSE  EB  UCA  TOR,  137 

from  the  neck  ;  then  drench  with  linseed  oil, 
1  quart;  rub  the  fore  legs  with  water  as  hot 
as  can  be  borne  without  scalding,  continuiug 
the  washing  till  the  horse  is  perfectly  lim- 
ber. 


HOKSE  OINTMENT. 

Resin,  4  oz. ;  beeswax,  4  oz. ;  honey,  2  oz,. ; 
lard,  8  oz. ;  melt  these  articles  slowly,  bring- 
ing gradually  to  a  boil ;  remove  from  the 
fire,  and  slowly  add  a  little  less  than  a  pint 
of  spirits  of  turpentine,  stirring  all  the  time 
this  is  being  added,  and  stir  till  cool.  This 
is  an  extraordinary  ointment  for  bruises  of 
the  flesh,  or  hoof,  or  broken  knees,  galls  or 
bites,  or  when  a  horse  is  gelded  to  heal  and 
keep  off  flies. 


CONDITION  POWDER. 

m 

Foenugrec,  cream  of  tartar,  gentian,  sul- 
phur, saltpetre,  resin,  black   antimony,  and 
ginger,  of  each   1    oz. ;    cayenne,  J  oz. ;  all 
10 


138  THE  HO  USE  ED  VGA  TOR. 

finely  pulverized.  Mix  thoroughly.  It  is 
used  for  yellow  water,  hide  bound,  colds, 
coughs,  distemper,  and  all  other  diseases 
where  a  condition  powder  is  needed.  They 
carry  off  gross  humors,  and  purify  the 
blood. 

Dose : — In  ordinary  cases  one  tablespoon- 
ful  once  a  day.  In  extreme  cases  give 
twice  daily.  This  powder  has  never  failed 
to  give  entire  satisfaction. 

MAGIC  LINIMENT. 

Take  2  oz.  oil  of  spike;  2  oz.  origanum; 
2  oz.  hemlock ;  2  oz.  wormwood ;  4  ounces 
sweet  oil ;  2  oz.  spirits  ammonia  ;  2  ounces 
gum  camphor;  2  oz.  spirits  turpentine;  1 
quart  proof  spirits.  Mix  well  and  bottle  for 
use.  Cork  tight.  For  sprains,  bruises,  or 
lameness  of  any  kind,  this  liniment  is  un- 
surpassed. This  is  the  same  liniment,  leav- 
ing out  the  turpentine,  which  has  achieved 
such  wonderful  cures  for  human  ailment. 

A  more  simple  liniment  can  be  made  by 
putting   into   spirits  of  turpentine   all  the 


THE  HORSE  ED  UGA  TOR.  139 

gum  camphor  it  will  cut.  For  ordinary 
purposes  it  is  fit  for  use ;  but  if  jou  wish  to 
reduce  pain,  add  as  much  laudanum  as  there 
is  turpentine. 

FRENCH  PASTE  FOR  BONE  SPAYIN. 

Corrosive  sublimate,  quicksilver,  and  io- 
dine, of  each  1  oz.,  with  sufficient  lard  to 
form  a  paste.  Rub  the  quicksilver  and 
iodine  together,  and  add  the  sublimate,  and 
finally  add  the  lard,  rubbing  thoroughly. 
Shave  oft'  the  hair  the  size  of  the  bone  en- 
largement, then  grease  all  around  it,  but 
not  w^here  the  bone  is  shaved  off".  This 
prevents  the  action  of  the  medicine  only 
upon  the  spavin  ;  rub  in  as  much  of  the 
paste  as  will  lie  on  a  five  cent  piece,  each 
morning  for  four  mornings  only,  and  in 
from  six  to  eight  days  the  spavin  will  come 
out ;  then  wash  out  the  wound  with  suds, 
soaking  well  for  an  hoar  or  two,  which  re- 
moves the  poisonous  efiects  of  the  medicine, 
and  facilitates  the  healing,  which  can  be 
done  by  any  healing  salve.  I  prefer  the 
horse  ointment  to  any  other. 


140  THE  E0B8E  ED  UCA  TOM, 

LINIMENT  FOR  SPAVIN,  SPLINT 
CURBS,  ETC. 

Oils  of  spike,  origanum,  cedar,  British, 
and  spirits  of  turpentine,  of  each  1  oz.;  pul- 
verized Spanish  flies,  J  oz.  Apply  once  in 
six  or  nine  days. 

RING-BONE  REMEDY. 

Pulverized,  cantharides,  oils  of  spike,  ori- 
ganum, amber,  cedar,  British,  and  Barba- 
does  tar,  of  each  2  oz. ;  oil  of  wormwood,  1 
oz. ;  spirits  of  turpentine,  4  oz. ;  lard,  3  lbs. 
Melt  the  lard  slowly,  and  add  the  other  in- 
gredients, stirring  well  till  cool;  clip  off  the 
hair,  and  apply  by  rubbing  in  and  heating. 
In  about  three  days,  or  when  done  running, 
wash  off  with  suds  and  apply  again.  In  re- 
cent cases,  two  or  three  applications  will 
cure;  old  cases  require  more  time. 

POLL-EVIL  AND  FISTULA. 

Common  potash,  J  oz. ;  extract  oi  l^ella- 
donna,  12  drachms;  gum  Arabic,  ^  02.    I^is- 


*1 


TEE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOE.  141 

Bolve  the  gum  in  as  little  water  as  possible; 
then,  having  pulverized  the  potash,  unless 
it  is  moist,  mix  the  gum  water  with  it,  and 
it  will  soon  dissolve;  add  the  belladonna; 
mix,  and  it  is  ready  to  use. 

The  best  method  for  getting  this  into  the 
pipes,  is  by  means  of  a  small  syringe,  after 
having  cleansed  the  sore  well  with  suds. 
Repeat  once  in  two  days,  until  the  callous 
pipes,  and  hard,  fibrous  base  around  the 
poll-evil  or  fistula  are  completely  destroyed. 

TO  SCATTER  POLL-EYIL. 

Take  a  quantity  of  mandrake  root,  bruise 
and  boil  it,  strain  and  boil  down  until  rather 
thick;  then  form  an  ointment,  simmering 
with  sufiicient  lard  for  the  purpose.  Anoint 
the  swelling  once  a  day  until  cured.  It  has 
cured  them  after  they  were  broken  out,  by 
putting  it  in  the  pipes  a  few  times;  also, 
anointing  around  the  sore. 


143  THE  EOESE  EDUCATOR. 

ANTISPASMODIC  TINCTURE, 

For  Man  or  Beast. 

* 

Oils  of  cajuput,  cloves,  peppermint,  anmse, 

of  each  1  oz.;  of  alcohol,  1  quart.  Mix  to- 
gether, and  bottle  for  use.  Dose,  for  horse, 
1  oz.  every  15  minutes,  in  a  little  whisky 
and  warm  water,  sweetened  with  molasses. 
Continue  till  relieved. 

Dose  for  man,  one  teaspoonful. 

PHYSIC  BALL. 

Barbadoes  aloes,  1  lb. ;  syrup  buckthorn, 
3  oz.;  cod-liver  oil,  3  oz.  Melt  the  whole, 
and  stir  till  cool.  In  winter,  ^dd  a  little 
water,  make  into  18  pills,  and  give  1  every 
four  hours,  or  as  much  as  will  move  the 
bowels. 

DIURETIC  DROPS. 

These  drops  are  reliable  in  cases  of  stop- 
page of  water,  foul  water,  or  inflammation 
of  the  kidneys.     Take  sweet  spirits  of  nitre, 


THE  H0B8E  ED  UGA  TOR.  143 

4  oz. ;  balsam  copaiba,  2  oz. ;  oil  of  juniper, 
2  oz. ;  spirits  of  turpentine,  2  oz. ;  gum  cam- 
pbor,  pulv.,  1  oz.  Mix  all  together,  and 
shake  well ;  bottle,  and  it  is  fit  for  use,  for 
man  or  beast,  under  all  circumstances  where 
a  diuretic  is  required. 

Dose  for  horse,  1  oz.  in  half  a  pint  of  milk, 
once  in  six  hours. 

Dose  for  man,  1  teaspoonful,  in  a  table- 
spoonful  of  milk,  once  in  six  hours. 

Be  sure  to  shake  the  mixture  up  well  be- 
fore pouring  out  for  use. 

AN  OINTMENT  FOR  ALL  BRUISES, 

SCRATCHES,  HEEL  GREASE, 

SADDLE  GALLS,  ETC. 

Take  3  oz.  white  lead,  3  oz.  of  lard,  1  oz. 
burnt  alum,  and  5  grains  calomel.  If  the 
Bore  is  of  long  standing,  use  10  grains  of 
calomel. 

SWEENY  LINIMENT. 

Alcohol,  and  spirits  of  turpentine,  of  each 
8  oz. ;  camphor  gum,  pulverized  cantharides 


144  TEE  E0B8E  ED  UGA  TOR. 

and  tincture  of  capsicum,  of  each  1  oz. ;  oil 
of  spike  3  oz.  Bathe  this  liniment  in  with 
a  hot  iron,  and  faithfully  follow  till  a  cure 
is  effected. 

JSTERYE  AND  BONE  LINIMENT. 

Take  beefs  gall,  1  quart;  alcohol,!  pint; 
volatile  liniment,  12  oz. ;  spirits  of  turpen- 
tine, 1  lb. ;  oil  of  origanum,  4  oz. ;  aqua  am- 
monia, }  pint ;  oil  of  amber,  3  oz. ;  tincture 
of  catharides,  6  oz.     Mix. 

ENGLISH  STABLE  LINIMENT. 

Oil  of  spikes,  aqua  ammonia,  and  oil  of 
turpentine,  of  each  2  oz. ;  sweet  oil,  and  oil 
of  amber,  of  each  J  oz. ;  oil  of  origanum,  1 
oz.     Mix. 

HOOF  LINIMENT,  FOR  CONTRACTED 
HOOF. 

Venice  turpentine,  J  pint ;  aqua  ammonia, 
2  oz. ;  salts  of  nitre,  1  oz. ;  benzine,  1  oz. ; 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOR.  145 

alcohol,  3  oz.  Apply  to  the  edge  of  the 
hair  and  to  the  hoof,  twice  a  day  foi^  the 
first  three  days;  once  a  day  for  the  next 
three  days ;  after  that,  once  in  two,  three, 
or  four  days,  as  the  case  may  require. 


REMEDY  FOR  BOTTS. 

Take  oil  of  turpentine,  8  oz. ;  alcohol,  1 
quart.  Mix  and  bottle  for  use.  Dose,  4  to 
6  oz.  in  the  horse's  feed,  once  a  day  for  8 
days,  will  effectually  remove  every  vestige 
of  bottSi 

TO  PREVENT  HORSES  BEING  TEASED 
BY  FLIES. 

Take  J  lb.  of  walnut  or  butternut  leaves, 
and  pour  upon  them  3  quarts  of  cold  water; 
let  it  infuse  one  night,  and  pour  the  whole 
next  morning  into  a  kettle,  and  let  it  boil 
for  a  quarter  of  an  hour.  When  cold  it  is 
fit  for  use. 

^o  more  is  required  than  to  moisten  a 
sponge,  and  before  the  horse  goes  out  of  the 


146  THE  HO  USE  ED  UCA  TOR, 

stable,  let  those  parts  most  likely  to  be  irri- 
tatecf  be  well  smeared  over  with  the  liquor, 
between  and  upon  the  ears,  neck,  flanks,  &c. 

TREATMENT  OF  WOUNDS. 

"Wounds  are  caused  by  accidents  of  vari- 
ous kinds,  when  the  skin  is  much  torn  from 
the  flesh.  If  you  are  at  hand  while  the 
wound  is  quite  fresh,  take  a  square-pointed 
needle,  and  a  waxed  thread,  and  sew  it  up. 
Be  sure  to  put  the  needle  in  straight,  one 
side  over  against  the  other,  draw  the  skin 
tight,  tie  a  knot,  and  cut  off  the  thread; 
then  take  another  stich  about  an  inch  oft", 
till  it  is  all  nicely  drawn  together.  It  is 
quite  wrong  to  sew  up  a  wound  as  you 
would  a  piece  of  cloth;  the  thread  should 
be  cut  after  each  stitch.  When  you  do  not 
see  the  wound  till  the  place  is  growing 
dead,  and  the  skin  is  drawing  up,  then  take 
ott*  the  loose  skin ;  for  if  you  permit  it  to 
remain,  it  will  leave  a  blemish. 


THE  HO  BSE  ED  UCA  TOR.  147 

WASH  FOR  FOUL  ULCERS.    • 

Permanganate  of  Potassa,  1  drachm ;  pure 
water,  6  fluid  ounces.  Clean  the  sore  once 
or  twice  a  day,  with  a  quart  of  water,  to 
which  a  large  tablespoonful  of  the  wash  has 
been  added,  using  a  soft  sponge. 

The  discoloration  of  the  solution  indicates 
its  complete  loss  of  jjower  as  a  disinfectant. 

The  bottle  must  be  kept  tightly  corked, 
as  impurities  in  the  air  will,  in  time,  im- 
pair its  value, 

HEALING  SALYE  FOR  ABRASIONS 
AND  CUTS. 

Oxide  of  zinc,  4  drachms ;  fresh  lard,  1 
oz. ;  carbolic  acid,  6  grains.  Melt  the  lard, 
and  stir  in  the  oxide  of  zinc,  which  must  be 
very  finely  powdered  ;  add  the  carbolic  acid 
and  mix  thoroughly.  Apply  twice  a  day 
to  the  wound.  This  salve  is  very  valuable 
for  its  healing  properties,  and  will  be  found 
of  special  service,  if  there  is  any  foul  dis- 
charge. 


148  THE  EOBSE  ED  UCATOB, 

HOW  TO   CLEAN   AND  OIL  HARNESS. 

First  take  the  harness  apart,  having  each 
strap  and  piece  by  itself;  then  wash  it 
with  warm  water  and  Castile  soap.  When 
cleansed,  black  each  part  with  the  following 
dye:  1  oz.  extract  of  logwood;  12  grains 
bichromate  of  potash — both  pounded  fine; 
put  into  two  quarts  of  boiling  rain-water, 
and  stir  till  all  is  dissolved.  Wben  cool,  it 
may  be  used.  It  may  be  bottled  and  kept 
for  future  use,  if  desired.  It  may  be  applied 
with  a  shoe  brush.  When  the  dye  has 
struck  in,  you  may  oil  each  part  watli  neats- 
foot  oil,  applied  with  a  paint  brush.  For 
second  oihug,  use  one-third  castor  oil  and 
two-thirds  neatsfoot  oil,  mixed.  A  few 
hours  after,  wipe  clean  w^ith  a  woolen  cloth, 
which  gives  the  harness  a  glossy  appear- 
ance. This  preparation  does  not  injure  the 
leather  or  stitching,  but  makes  it  soft  and 
pliable,  and  obviates  the  necessity  of  oiling 
as  often  as  is  necessary  by  the  ordinary 
method.  When  the  harness  is  removed 
from  the  horse,  take  a  woolen  cloth  or  cha- 


THE  HORSE  ED  UCA  TOE,  149 

mois  skin,  kept  for  the  purpose,  and  wipe 
off  the  dust  and  all  moisture  from  rain  or 
perspiration,  and  when  the  harness  is  nearly 
dry,  rub  the  damper  parts  very  thoroughly 
with  a  second  cloth  or  skin,  until  they  are 
quite  soft  and  pliable. 

The  bits,  and  plated  mountings,  should 
be  cleaned  and  rubbed  with  a  slightly  oiled 
rag,  before  the  harness  is  finally  hung  in 
its  place;  the  harness  should  be  protected 
from  dust  either  by  a  covering  of  cloth,  or 
by  hanging  in  a  closet.  Whenever  the 
leather  becomes  dry  and  hard,  it  should  be 
cleaned  and  oiled  according  to  the  foregoing 
directions. 


INDEX. 


Abrasions,  salve  for,  147.  ' 

Age,  bow  to  tell,  85.  ^ 

Antispasmodic  tincture.  143.  ■ 

Balky  horses,  47.  ' 

Sail,  making  horse  get  on,  93.  j 

Bitting  rig,  engraving  of,  37.  i 

Bittinga  Colt,  35,  j 

Bonaparte  bridle,  how  made,  30.  1 
Bone  spavin.  125. 

Botts,  remedy  for,  145.  • 

Bow,  how  to  make  a  horse,  91,  ■ 

Bone  liniment,  144.  I 

Breaking  colts  to  harness,  39.  ^ 

Bridles,  Bonaparte  and  Camanche,  30.  j 

Bridle,  horses  ugly  to,  50.  ; 

Chronic  cough,  134.  ' 

Colic,  122.  I 

•Colt,  breaking  to  harness,  39 ;  management  of,  26 ;  mis-  ; 

takes  in  training,  124  ;  teaching  to  back,  45.  ] 

Condition  powder,  137.  i 
Corns,  how  cured.  84.                                                               ■    >' 
Cough,  chronic.  134. 
Cribbing,  how  to  cure,  68. 

Curing  balky  horses,  47.  ■ 

Cure  for  founder,  139.  -^ 

Cure  for  worms,  121.  ] 
Distemper,  remedy  for,  127. 

Diiu-etic  drops,  142.  I 

150  1 


INDEX,  151 

Dogs,  97  ;  educating  to  drive,  97  ;  to  bark,  99  ;  watch 
dog,  101  ;  to  sit  up,  103  ;  to  sit  down,  104  ;  to 
stand  up,  104 ;  to  get  into  chair,  105  ;  to  go  lame, 
105  ;  to  sit  on  a  stool,  107  ;  to  find  things,  107. 

Fear,  objects  of,  42 ;  of  robes,  43  ;  how  to  overcome, 
43. 

Fistula,  140. 

Flies,  to  prevent  teasing  by,  145. 

Founder,  cure  for,  136. 

Glanders,  how  to  distinguish,  127  ;  treatment  of,  130. 

Gripes,  122.       ^ 

Haltering  a  colt,  28. 

Halter  puller,  54. 

Hardening  tender  mouths,  57. 

Harness,  breaking  colts  to,  39  ;  how  to  clean,  148. 

Heaves,  cure  for,  120,  121. 

Hide-bound,  remedies  for,  124. 

Horse  ointment,  137. 

Hoof  Liniment,  144. 

Horses,  bad  to  shoe,  68  ;  how  to  make  go  lame,  90 ; 
to  say  "no,"  91  ;  hugging  the  pole,  60  ;  how  to 
throw,  50. 

Inflammation  of  the  lungs,  123. 

Influenza,  treatment  of,  129. 

Interfering,  how  to  prevent,  83. 

Jumping  rig,  62. 

Kicking  horses,  how  to  break,  56  ;  in  stall,  65. 

Kiss,  teaching  horses  to,  90. 

Lamed  shoulders,  liniment  for,  126. 

Laugh,  teaching  horses  to,  88. 

Leading  horses,  64. 

Liniment,  magic,  138 ;  for  spavin,  &c.,  140  ;  sweeny, 
143  ;  nerve,  144  ;  bone,  144  ;  English  stable,  144 : 
hoof,  144. 

Lock-jaw,  remedy  for,  135. 

Lolling  of  the  tongue,  58. 

Luggers  on  the  bit,  61. 

Lungs,  inflammation  of,  123. 

Management  of  the  colt,  26. 


152                                INDEX.  \ 

Nerve  and  "feone  liniment,  144. 

Ointment  fo-r  bruises,  143. 

Overreaching,  to  cure,  84.  '■ 

Physic  ball,  142. 

Poll  evil,  remedy  for,  140  ;  to  scatter,  141.                             \ 

Recipes,  120.  j 

Eemedy  for  botts,  145.  ■ 

Rheumatism,  treatment  of,  134.  -         ■           ■ 

Ringbone,  remedy  for,  140. 

Rules  of  trotting  course,  109.  \ 

Salve  for  abrasions,  146.  j 

Scratches,  remedies  for,  122,  143. 

Shaking  hands,  to  teach,  88.  -■ 

Shoe,  horses  bad  to,  68  ;   object  of,  76  ;   how  to  nalL          i 

80.  \ 

Shoeing,  71.  \ 

Spavin,  ointment  for,  124 ;    wash  for,  125 ;   French         \ 

paste  for,  139  ;  liniment  for,  140.  i 

Stable  liniment,  144.  \ 

Stall,  getting  cast  in,  66  ;  kicking  in,  65.                               \ 

Steers,  training  of,  94.  ] 

Sweeny  liniment,  143.  ; 

Tender  mouths,  how  to  harden,  54.  '    ■\ 

Throwing  horses,  59.  ■                \ 

Tongue,  lolling  of,  58.  .  ^                           i 

Training  steers.  94.  \ 
Tricks,  87. 

Trotting  course,  rules  of,  109. 
Ulcers,  wash  for,  147. 

Umbrella,  how  to  accustom  horses  to,  43.  '. 

Up-stairs,  making  horses  walk,  92.  \ 

Vicious  horses,  treatment  of,  47.  • 

Waltz,  to  teach  horses  to,  89,  i 

Windgalls,  125.  ;; 

Woims,  cure  for,  121.  \ 
Wounds,  treatment  of,  146. 


This  is  t.ie  samw  JJorse  that  ran  away,  as  shown  on  the  first  side  of  cover.    He  has  been  to 

Prof.  PKATT'S  HOESE  EDUCATING  SCHOOL, 

unJ  learned   better  manners.    See  noTV   well  he  drives. 


